Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil
Sago or Metroxylon sagu, harvested in Sarawak, Malaysia, is a low-cost, natural adsorbent. The sago bark (SB) from M. sagu was investigated for adsorptive removal of emulsified oil in palm oil mill effluent (POME). Hydrophobicity of this sorbent in aqueous state was improved via esterification pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2014
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| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/1/JECE01%202014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848836876226527232 |
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| author | Wahi, Rafeah Chuah, Luqman Abdullah Ngaini, Zainab Nourouzi, Mohsen Mobarekeh Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw |
| author_facet | Wahi, Rafeah Chuah, Luqman Abdullah Ngaini, Zainab Nourouzi, Mohsen Mobarekeh Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw |
| author_sort | Wahi, Rafeah |
| building | UNIMAS Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Sago or Metroxylon sagu, harvested in Sarawak, Malaysia, is a low-cost, natural adsorbent. The sago bark
(SB) from M. sagu was investigated for adsorptive removal of emulsified oil in palm oil mill effluent
(POME). Hydrophobicity of this sorbent in aqueous state was improved via esterification process. The
esterification of SB was conducted at ratio of sago bark to stearic acid (SA) by 1:1, 4:1, and 7:1;
percentage catalyst of 5, 10, and 15; and refluxing time 1, 4.5, and 8 h; respectively. These parameters
were analysed using full central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The
adjusted R-squared value of 0.9509 showed that the regression model fit the data well. The predicted Rsquared
value (0.9168) also indicated that the prediction of experimental data was satisfactory.
Hydrophobicity test, FTIR, and SEM were carried out to characterise the esterified sago bark (ESB).
Results showed that esterification process successfully increased the hydrophobicity of sago bark by
42.2% and oil removal efficiency in POME by 50.2%. A developed two-factor interaction (2FI) model
showed that the preparation conditions of 1:1 SB:SA, 15% catalyst, and 8 h refluxing time afforded ESB
with the maximum oil removal efficiency of up to 95.52% in POME. The esterification of SB successfully
improved the oil adsorptivity for the removal of emulsified oil in POME. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T06:30:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | unimas-10860 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Sarawak |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T06:30:44Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | unimas-108602016-03-14T01:34:20Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/ Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil Wahi, Rafeah Chuah, Luqman Abdullah Ngaini, Zainab Nourouzi, Mohsen Mobarekeh Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Sago or Metroxylon sagu, harvested in Sarawak, Malaysia, is a low-cost, natural adsorbent. The sago bark (SB) from M. sagu was investigated for adsorptive removal of emulsified oil in palm oil mill effluent (POME). Hydrophobicity of this sorbent in aqueous state was improved via esterification process. The esterification of SB was conducted at ratio of sago bark to stearic acid (SA) by 1:1, 4:1, and 7:1; percentage catalyst of 5, 10, and 15; and refluxing time 1, 4.5, and 8 h; respectively. These parameters were analysed using full central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The adjusted R-squared value of 0.9509 showed that the regression model fit the data well. The predicted Rsquared value (0.9168) also indicated that the prediction of experimental data was satisfactory. Hydrophobicity test, FTIR, and SEM were carried out to characterise the esterified sago bark (ESB). Results showed that esterification process successfully increased the hydrophobicity of sago bark by 42.2% and oil removal efficiency in POME by 50.2%. A developed two-factor interaction (2FI) model showed that the preparation conditions of 1:1 SB:SA, 15% catalyst, and 8 h refluxing time afforded ESB with the maximum oil removal efficiency of up to 95.52% in POME. The esterification of SB successfully improved the oil adsorptivity for the removal of emulsified oil in POME. Elsevier 2014 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/1/JECE01%202014.pdf Wahi, Rafeah and Chuah, Luqman Abdullah and Ngaini, Zainab and Nourouzi, Mohsen Mobarekeh and Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw (2014) Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2. pp. 324-331. ISSN 2213-3437 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343713002571 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.12.010 |
| spellingShingle | TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Wahi, Rafeah Chuah, Luqman Abdullah Ngaini, Zainab Nourouzi, Mohsen Mobarekeh Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| title | Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| title_full | Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| title_fullStr | Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| title_short | Esterification of M. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| title_sort | esterification of m. sagu bark as an adsorbent for removal of emulsified oil |
| topic | TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| url | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/ http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10860/1/JECE01%202014.pdf |