Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision
From the upper echelons perspective, we investigate the financial leverage decision of publicly listed companies in Bursa Malaysia for the period from 2002 to 2011. Using pooled OLS and fixed-effect regressions, we examine the impacts of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage. Our measur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/1/Upper%20Echelon%20Theory%20Revisited-%20The%20Relationship%20between%20CEO%20Personal%20Characteristics%20and%20Financial%20Leverage%20Decision.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848818641757274112 |
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| author | Noor Azlinna, Azizan Irene, Wei Kiong Ting Qian, Long Kweh |
| author_facet | Noor Azlinna, Azizan Irene, Wei Kiong Ting Qian, Long Kweh |
| author_sort | Noor Azlinna, Azizan |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | From the upper echelons perspective, we investigate the financial leverage decision of publicly listed companies in Bursa Malaysia for the period from 2002 to 2011. Using pooled OLS and fixed-effect regressions, we examine the impacts of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage. Our measures of CEO personal characteristics such as CEO overconfidence based on CEO profile photo, CEO age, and CEO prior experience are significantly and negatively related to leverage. However, CEO education level and CEO tenure are significantly and positively related to leverage. Furthermore, we partition our sample of companies based on CEO age and CEO education level. In the CEO-age group, we find that female CEOs are greater risk takers as compared to male CEOs in Malaysia. With respect to CEO education level, we show that younger CEOs, female CEOs, and longer-serving CEOs are risk takers and more aggressive. This paper contributes to the debate of the UET as well as determinants of leverage decision from several dimensions. First, this is the first study that investigates the impacts of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage of Malaysian firms. Second, we make the first attempt by classifying CEO certain characteristic (age and educational level) into groups to make a further comparison on the impact of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage. Third, this study uses a larger data sample and a longer study period than the previous studies in the literature. Fourth, the paper also makes a methodological contribution. This study employs different methods (pooled OLS regression and fixed effects panel regression) for the analysis. It is hoped that the result of this paper can fill the gap of the literature on the relationship between CEO personal characteristics and financial leverage as explained by Upper Echelon Theory. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:40:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-9969 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-99692022-04-13T05:04:07Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/ Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision Noor Azlinna, Azizan Irene, Wei Kiong Ting Qian, Long Kweh T Technology (General) From the upper echelons perspective, we investigate the financial leverage decision of publicly listed companies in Bursa Malaysia for the period from 2002 to 2011. Using pooled OLS and fixed-effect regressions, we examine the impacts of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage. Our measures of CEO personal characteristics such as CEO overconfidence based on CEO profile photo, CEO age, and CEO prior experience are significantly and negatively related to leverage. However, CEO education level and CEO tenure are significantly and positively related to leverage. Furthermore, we partition our sample of companies based on CEO age and CEO education level. In the CEO-age group, we find that female CEOs are greater risk takers as compared to male CEOs in Malaysia. With respect to CEO education level, we show that younger CEOs, female CEOs, and longer-serving CEOs are risk takers and more aggressive. This paper contributes to the debate of the UET as well as determinants of leverage decision from several dimensions. First, this is the first study that investigates the impacts of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage of Malaysian firms. Second, we make the first attempt by classifying CEO certain characteristic (age and educational level) into groups to make a further comparison on the impact of CEO personal characteristics on financial leverage. Third, this study uses a larger data sample and a longer study period than the previous studies in the literature. Fourth, the paper also makes a methodological contribution. This study employs different methods (pooled OLS regression and fixed effects panel regression) for the analysis. It is hoped that the result of this paper can fill the gap of the literature on the relationship between CEO personal characteristics and financial leverage as explained by Upper Echelon Theory. Elsevier 2015 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by_nc_nd http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/1/Upper%20Echelon%20Theory%20Revisited-%20The%20Relationship%20between%20CEO%20Personal%20Characteristics%20and%20Financial%20Leverage%20Decision.pdf Noor Azlinna, Azizan and Irene, Wei Kiong Ting and Qian, Long Kweh (2015) Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195. pp. 686-694. ISSN 1877-0428 (print); 1877-0428 (online). (Published) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.276 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.276 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) Noor Azlinna, Azizan Irene, Wei Kiong Ting Qian, Long Kweh Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision |
| title | Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision |
| title_full | Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision |
| title_fullStr | Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision |
| title_short | Upper Echelon Theory Revisited: The Relationship between CEO Personal Characteristics and Financial Leverage Decision |
| title_sort | upper echelon theory revisited: the relationship between ceo personal characteristics and financial leverage decision |
| topic | T Technology (General) |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/9969/1/Upper%20Echelon%20Theory%20Revisited-%20The%20Relationship%20between%20CEO%20Personal%20Characteristics%20and%20Financial%20Leverage%20Decision.pdf |