Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids
Mineral oils have long been utilized in industries as machining lubricants, which contributed to their depletion and hick in price and being non-biodegradable, harmful to the environment, and risk to health. Plant-based oil is more biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly as a green al...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit UTHM
2022
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| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45719/ |
| _version_ | 1848827493530730496 |
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| author | Amiril Sahab, Abdul Sani Puteri Humairah, Megat Ahmad Radzi Ainaa Mardhiah, Sabri Zubaidah, Zamri Chandran, Nagulen Norfazillah, Talib |
| author_facet | Amiril Sahab, Abdul Sani Puteri Humairah, Megat Ahmad Radzi Ainaa Mardhiah, Sabri Zubaidah, Zamri Chandran, Nagulen Norfazillah, Talib |
| author_sort | Amiril Sahab, Abdul Sani |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Mineral oils have long been utilized in industries as machining lubricants, which contributed to their depletion and hick in price and being non-biodegradable, harmful to the environment, and risk to health. Plant-based oil is more biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly as a green alternative. However, in their crude state, plant-based oils are not up to par with the standard mineral oil used in lubrication in terms of high acidity, low-temperature performance, and oxidative instability. Further chemical modification and adding additives had to be made to improve the oil properties for industrial applications. This study focused on the performance of transesterification of Tamanu plant-based oil with Trimethylolpropane (MTO) and Pentaerythritol (MTOP), which mixed with 1% of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (PIL) and 10% of Ammonium Ionic Liquid (AIL), producing a series of oil specimens; MTO, MTO+PIL1%, MTO+AIL%, MTOP, MTOP+PIL1%, and MTOP+AIL%. These samples are then subjected to physical analysis to determine the improvement of their properties in terms of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index as well as undergo a four-ball wear test to the determine the tribology aspects of the lubrication in terms of coefficient of frictions and wear scar diameter, in accordance with ASTM standard method. All the results were compared with commercial MWF which synthetic ester (SE) as reference oil. The result of viscosity index reveals that MTOP+PIL1% had the highest value of 178.76. MTO+AIL10% exhibits the lowest average COF (0.061) compared to other MTOs lubricants. Among MTOP, MTOP+PIL1% also had the lowest average COF which is 0.082. The addition of PIL1% to MTO and MTOP lowered the average scar diameter, 730.77 μm and 674.93μm respectively. With the enhanced properties from chemical modification and additives, Tamanu oil can be proposed as a green alternative for developing the metalworking fluid industries in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:01:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45719 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:01:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Penerbit UTHM |
| recordtype | eprints |
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| spelling | ump-457192025-09-24T08:23:54Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45719/ Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids Amiril Sahab, Abdul Sani Puteri Humairah, Megat Ahmad Radzi Ainaa Mardhiah, Sabri Zubaidah, Zamri Chandran, Nagulen Norfazillah, Talib TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Mineral oils have long been utilized in industries as machining lubricants, which contributed to their depletion and hick in price and being non-biodegradable, harmful to the environment, and risk to health. Plant-based oil is more biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly as a green alternative. However, in their crude state, plant-based oils are not up to par with the standard mineral oil used in lubrication in terms of high acidity, low-temperature performance, and oxidative instability. Further chemical modification and adding additives had to be made to improve the oil properties for industrial applications. This study focused on the performance of transesterification of Tamanu plant-based oil with Trimethylolpropane (MTO) and Pentaerythritol (MTOP), which mixed with 1% of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (PIL) and 10% of Ammonium Ionic Liquid (AIL), producing a series of oil specimens; MTO, MTO+PIL1%, MTO+AIL%, MTOP, MTOP+PIL1%, and MTOP+AIL%. These samples are then subjected to physical analysis to determine the improvement of their properties in terms of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index as well as undergo a four-ball wear test to the determine the tribology aspects of the lubrication in terms of coefficient of frictions and wear scar diameter, in accordance with ASTM standard method. All the results were compared with commercial MWF which synthetic ester (SE) as reference oil. The result of viscosity index reveals that MTOP+PIL1% had the highest value of 178.76. MTO+AIL10% exhibits the lowest average COF (0.061) compared to other MTOs lubricants. Among MTOP, MTOP+PIL1% also had the lowest average COF which is 0.082. The addition of PIL1% to MTO and MTOP lowered the average scar diameter, 730.77 μm and 674.93μm respectively. With the enhanced properties from chemical modification and additives, Tamanu oil can be proposed as a green alternative for developing the metalworking fluid industries in the future. Penerbit UTHM 2022 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_sa_4 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45719/1/Analysis%20performance%20of%20modified%20tamanu%20oil%20enhanced.pdf Amiril Sahab, Abdul Sani and Puteri Humairah, Megat Ahmad Radzi and Ainaa Mardhiah, Sabri and Zubaidah, Zamri and Chandran, Nagulen and Norfazillah, Talib (2022) Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 14 (8). pp. 16-23. ISSN 2229-838X (Print); 2600-7916 (Online). (Published) https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2022.14.08.003 https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2022.14.08.003 https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2022.14.08.003 |
| spellingShingle | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Amiril Sahab, Abdul Sani Puteri Humairah, Megat Ahmad Radzi Ainaa Mardhiah, Sabri Zubaidah, Zamri Chandran, Nagulen Norfazillah, Talib Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| title | Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| title_full | Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| title_fullStr | Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| title_short | Analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| title_sort | analysis performance of modified tamanu oil enhanced with additives as potential green alternative in metalworking fluids |
| topic | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology |
| url | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45719/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45719/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45719/ |