Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures
The growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable alternatives have driven the exploration of biomass waste as a renewable energy source. Cassava peel, an abundant agro-industrial residue, holds potential as a feedstock for solid biofuel production through thermochemical processes. This...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V.
2025
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| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45646/ |
| _version_ | 1848827473234493440 |
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| author | Asri, Gani Erdiwansyah, . Desvita, Hera Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali Ichwansyah, Fiqih Ahmad, Naim |
| author_facet | Asri, Gani Erdiwansyah, . Desvita, Hera Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali Ichwansyah, Fiqih Ahmad, Naim |
| author_sort | Asri, Gani |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable alternatives have driven the exploration of biomass waste as a renewable energy source. Cassava peel, an abundant agro-industrial residue, holds potential as a feedstock for solid biofuel production through thermochemical processes. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical transformation of cassava peel into biocoke via low-temperature torrefaction and to evaluate its suitability for energy and environmental applications. Torrefaction was conducted at 150 ◦C, 160 ◦C, 170 ◦C, 180 ◦C, and 190 ◦C. Analytical techniques were employed, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), calorimetry, and lignocellulosic composition analysis. FTIR revealed dominant OH, aliphatic C–H, and C–O functional groups, with aromatic and triple-bond structures appearing above 170 ◦C. SEM analysis showed significant porosity development and surface fragmentation at 180–190 ◦C. EDS confirmed carbon and oxygen as major elements, while K, Ca, Cl, and Mg were consistently present, and P, S, and Si emerged at 190 ◦C. The calorific value increased with temperature, peaking at 15.31 MJ/kg at 170 ◦C. This study is novel in providing a comprehensive, temperaturedependent characterization of cassava peel biocoke, integrating surface chemistry, mineral exposure, and energy content. Unlike previous studies focusing only on proximate analysis, this work links structural changes with functional reactivity. In conclusion, cassava peel demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, hemicellulose-rich biomass for producing porous and moderately energetic biocoke under mild thermal conditions, suitable for combustion, adsorption, and environmental applications. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:01:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45646 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:01:16Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-456462025-09-17T01:08:10Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45646/ Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures Asri, Gani Erdiwansyah, . Desvita, Hera Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali Ichwansyah, Fiqih Ahmad, Naim TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology The growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable alternatives have driven the exploration of biomass waste as a renewable energy source. Cassava peel, an abundant agro-industrial residue, holds potential as a feedstock for solid biofuel production through thermochemical processes. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical transformation of cassava peel into biocoke via low-temperature torrefaction and to evaluate its suitability for energy and environmental applications. Torrefaction was conducted at 150 ◦C, 160 ◦C, 170 ◦C, 180 ◦C, and 190 ◦C. Analytical techniques were employed, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), calorimetry, and lignocellulosic composition analysis. FTIR revealed dominant OH, aliphatic C–H, and C–O functional groups, with aromatic and triple-bond structures appearing above 170 ◦C. SEM analysis showed significant porosity development and surface fragmentation at 180–190 ◦C. EDS confirmed carbon and oxygen as major elements, while K, Ca, Cl, and Mg were consistently present, and P, S, and Si emerged at 190 ◦C. The calorific value increased with temperature, peaking at 15.31 MJ/kg at 170 ◦C. This study is novel in providing a comprehensive, temperaturedependent characterization of cassava peel biocoke, integrating surface chemistry, mineral exposure, and energy content. Unlike previous studies focusing only on proximate analysis, this work links structural changes with functional reactivity. In conclusion, cassava peel demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, hemicellulose-rich biomass for producing porous and moderately energetic biocoke under mild thermal conditions, suitable for combustion, adsorption, and environmental applications. Elsevier B.V. 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45646/1/Thermochemical%20characterization%20of%20cassava%20peel%20biocoke.pdf Asri, Gani and Erdiwansyah, . and Desvita, Hera and Rizalman, Mamat and Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali and Ichwansyah, Fiqih and Ahmad, Naim (2025) Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures. Results in Engineering, 26 (105159). pp. 1-16. ISSN 2590-1230. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105159 |
| spellingShingle | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Asri, Gani Erdiwansyah, . Desvita, Hera Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Fairusham, Ghazali Ichwansyah, Fiqih Ahmad, Naim Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_full | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_short | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_sort | thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| topic | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology |
| url | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45646/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45646/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45646/ |