Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential
Growing interest in functional foods has led to innovative approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. Probiotic-fermented foods shows promise in modulating gut microbiota and promoting health. This study optimized the fermentation process of probiotic Carica papaya water kefir (PWK) and evaluat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025
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| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45611/ |
| _version_ | 1848827465326133248 |
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| author | Chin, Kah Wei Khoo, Shing Ching Luang-In, Vijitra Tan, Suat Hian Ma, Nyuk Ling |
| author_facet | Chin, Kah Wei Khoo, Shing Ching Luang-In, Vijitra Tan, Suat Hian Ma, Nyuk Ling |
| author_sort | Chin, Kah Wei |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Growing interest in functional foods has led to innovative approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. Probiotic-fermented foods shows promise in modulating gut microbiota and promoting health. This study optimized the fermentation process of probiotic Carica papaya water kefir (PWK) and evaluated its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cells, 3T3-L1 and L6 normal cells. The optimal PWK formulation was prepared at 25 ◦C using probiotic consortium (Enterobacter xiangfangensis 4 A–2A3.1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SK321, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SK324, Lactococcus hircilactis WS16, Lactococcus lactis WS18, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis TBRC 375, Levilactobacillus brevis TRBC 3003, and Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11) with 150 g/L of papaya and 8 % sugar. Optimized PWK exhibited high phenolic (33.47 ± 0.26 μg GA/mL), flavonoid (15.58 ± 1.45 μg QE/mL), and glucosinolate (2.06 ± 0.17 mg RS/mL) contents, contributing to strong antioxidant activity (74.90 ± 0.47 %). PWK demonstrated potent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella sp., with inhibition zones of 2.67 ± 0.58 mm, 3.07 ± 0.90 mm, 2.67 ± 0.58 mm, and 2.33 ± 1.15 mm, respectively, which were significantly higher than the nonprobiotic PWK variant (NP). PWK induced apoptosis in cancer cells through mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, with IC50 values of 20.96 mg/mL (MCF-7) and 23.15 mg/mL (HCT116) over 72 h. However, its high alcohol content remains a limitation, necessitating further optimization for broader consumer acceptance. Overall, PWK, which combines the nutritional benefits of papaya with health-promoting probiotics, presents itself as a promising functional beverage for supporting cancer prevention and overall well-being. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:01:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45611 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:01:09Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-456112025-09-10T07:29:23Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45611/ Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential Chin, Kah Wei Khoo, Shing Ching Luang-In, Vijitra Tan, Suat Hian Ma, Nyuk Ling QP Physiology QR Microbiology RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology Growing interest in functional foods has led to innovative approaches for cancer prevention and treatment. Probiotic-fermented foods shows promise in modulating gut microbiota and promoting health. This study optimized the fermentation process of probiotic Carica papaya water kefir (PWK) and evaluated its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and HCT116 cancer cells, 3T3-L1 and L6 normal cells. The optimal PWK formulation was prepared at 25 ◦C using probiotic consortium (Enterobacter xiangfangensis 4 A–2A3.1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SK321, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SK324, Lactococcus hircilactis WS16, Lactococcus lactis WS18, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis TBRC 375, Levilactobacillus brevis TRBC 3003, and Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11) with 150 g/L of papaya and 8 % sugar. Optimized PWK exhibited high phenolic (33.47 ± 0.26 μg GA/mL), flavonoid (15.58 ± 1.45 μg QE/mL), and glucosinolate (2.06 ± 0.17 mg RS/mL) contents, contributing to strong antioxidant activity (74.90 ± 0.47 %). PWK demonstrated potent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella sp., with inhibition zones of 2.67 ± 0.58 mm, 3.07 ± 0.90 mm, 2.67 ± 0.58 mm, and 2.33 ± 1.15 mm, respectively, which were significantly higher than the nonprobiotic PWK variant (NP). PWK induced apoptosis in cancer cells through mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, with IC50 values of 20.96 mg/mL (MCF-7) and 23.15 mg/mL (HCT116) over 72 h. However, its high alcohol content remains a limitation, necessitating further optimization for broader consumer acceptance. Overall, PWK, which combines the nutritional benefits of papaya with health-promoting probiotics, presents itself as a promising functional beverage for supporting cancer prevention and overall well-being. Elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45611/1/Probiotic%20fermented%20Carica%20papaya%20water%20kefir.pdf Chin, Kah Wei and Khoo, Shing Ching and Luang-In, Vijitra and Tan, Suat Hian and Ma, Nyuk Ling (2025) Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential. Food Bioscience, 68 (106343). pp. 1-15. ISSN 2212-4292. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106343 |
| spellingShingle | QP Physiology QR Microbiology RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology Chin, Kah Wei Khoo, Shing Ching Luang-In, Vijitra Tan, Suat Hian Ma, Nyuk Ling Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| title | Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| title_full | Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| title_fullStr | Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| title_short | Probiotic fermented Carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| title_sort | probiotic fermented carica papaya water kefir with chemopreventive potential |
| topic | QP Physiology QR Microbiology RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology |
| url | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45611/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45611/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45611/ |