Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach
This study utilized a wastewater-based drug epidemiology (WBDE) approach to estimate illicit drug consumption in the selected communities of Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Raw wastewater samples (24-h composite) were collected from fourteen local wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between August to Nov...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
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AIP Publishing
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45564/ |
| _version_ | 1848827451715616768 |
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| author | Mohammad Azimuddin, Izani Nurul `Azyyati, Sabri Khaw, Kooi Yeong Iekhsan, Othman Tay, Joo Hui |
| author_facet | Mohammad Azimuddin, Izani Nurul `Azyyati, Sabri Khaw, Kooi Yeong Iekhsan, Othman Tay, Joo Hui |
| author_sort | Mohammad Azimuddin, Izani |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study utilized a wastewater-based drug epidemiology (WBDE) approach to estimate illicit drug consumption in the selected communities of Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Raw wastewater samples (24-h composite) were collected from fourteen local wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between August to November 2021. The concentrations of five illicit drugs, namely 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (METH) and morphine (MOR) were analyzed using liquid chromatograh with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). AMP, METH, MDMA and MDA were detected at concentrations ranging from below detection limit (<LOD) to 1890 ng/L, whereas MOR was not found in all samples. Results revealed that METH was the most prevalent substance having the highest detection frequency (DF = 96.4%), followed by MDA (DF 58.9%) and AMP (DF 26.8%). Estimation of drug consumption was performed using back-calculation method and the results showed that METH was the most widely used illegal substance in Kuantan District, with an estimated mean consumption rate of 7.04 mg/day/1000 individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:00:56Z |
| format | Conference or Workshop Item |
| id | ump-45564 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:00:56Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-455642025-09-17T02:24:51Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45564/ Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach Mohammad Azimuddin, Izani Nurul `Azyyati, Sabri Khaw, Kooi Yeong Iekhsan, Othman Tay, Joo Hui QD Chemistry RA Public aspects of medicine This study utilized a wastewater-based drug epidemiology (WBDE) approach to estimate illicit drug consumption in the selected communities of Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Raw wastewater samples (24-h composite) were collected from fourteen local wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between August to November 2021. The concentrations of five illicit drugs, namely 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (METH) and morphine (MOR) were analyzed using liquid chromatograh with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). AMP, METH, MDMA and MDA were detected at concentrations ranging from below detection limit (<LOD) to 1890 ng/L, whereas MOR was not found in all samples. Results revealed that METH was the most prevalent substance having the highest detection frequency (DF = 96.4%), followed by MDA (DF 58.9%) and AMP (DF 26.8%). Estimation of drug consumption was performed using back-calculation method and the results showed that METH was the most widely used illegal substance in Kuantan District, with an estimated mean consumption rate of 7.04 mg/day/1000 individuals. AIP Publishing 2025-08-27 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed pdf en https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45564/1/Izani_2025.pdf Mohammad Azimuddin, Izani and Nurul `Azyyati, Sabri and Khaw, Kooi Yeong and Iekhsan, Othman and Tay, Joo Hui (2025) Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. 3rd Energy Security And Chemical Engineering Congress (ESChE 2023) , 28 - 30 August 2023 , Langkawi, Malaysia. pp. 1-9., 3225 (040011). ISSN 0094-243X ISBN 978-0-7354-5201-5 (Published) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264600 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264600 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264600 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry RA Public aspects of medicine Mohammad Azimuddin, Izani Nurul `Azyyati, Sabri Khaw, Kooi Yeong Iekhsan, Othman Tay, Joo Hui Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach |
| title | Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach |
| title_full | Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach |
| title_fullStr | Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach |
| title_short | Assessing drug consumption in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (Wbde) approach |
| title_sort | assessing drug consumption in kuantan, pahang, malaysia, through the wastewater-based drug epidemiology (wbde) approach |
| topic | QD Chemistry RA Public aspects of medicine |
| url | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45564/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45564/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45564/ |