Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement
The growing emphasis on sustainability in construction has sparked increased interest in eco-friendly materials, particularly the development of green concrete to address environmental concerns. Sand, a crucial component in various construction materials and industries, faces rising demand due to po...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025
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| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45509/ |
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| author | Parsuraman, Jeyasaraniya Rokiah, Othman Mohd Arif, Sulaiman Khairunisa, Muthusamy Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Youventharan, Duraisamy |
| author_facet | Parsuraman, Jeyasaraniya Rokiah, Othman Mohd Arif, Sulaiman Khairunisa, Muthusamy Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Youventharan, Duraisamy |
| author_sort | Parsuraman, Jeyasaraniya |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The growing emphasis on sustainability in construction has sparked increased interest in eco-friendly materials, particularly the development of green concrete to address environmental concerns. Sand, a crucial component in various construction materials and industries, faces rising demand due to population growth and higher living standards; however, its extraction significantly disrupts river ecosystems. In Malaysia, spent garnet from ship sandblasting has emerged as a promising additive to enhance concrete performance, with studies showing positive effects on compressive strength. This study investigates the impact of incorporating spent garnet (SG) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates, aiming to determine the optimal replacement percentage that achieves 30 MPa compressive strength within 28 days. Concrete mixes were prepared using three water-cement (w/c) ratios (0.45, 0.50, 0.55) and a conventional cement-sand ratio, incorporating 10% Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as a cement substitute and SG at 0% to 40% by weight of fine aggregate. A total of 135 cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for slump, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength according to ASTM standards. Sieve analysis showed that sand performed better than SG at finer particle sizes, while higher w/c ratios improved workability with increasing SG content. The optimum mechanical performance across all w/c ratios was recorded at 30% SG, beyond which strength declined. It is recommended that future studies explore long-term durability, microstructural behavior, and environmental impacts of POFA-SG concrete through additional tests such as water absorption, penetration resistance, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). These will help identify internal flaws, assess porosity, and confirm homogeneity. Moreover, microstructural evaluations like SEM and detailed chemical characterizations—currently beyond the scope of this study—will be addressed in a separate companion paper, offering a more holistic understanding of SG and POFA in sustainable concrete development. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:00:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45509 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T04:00:42Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-455092025-08-28T02:26:20Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45509/ Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement Parsuraman, Jeyasaraniya Rokiah, Othman Mohd Arif, Sulaiman Khairunisa, Muthusamy Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Youventharan, Duraisamy TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) The growing emphasis on sustainability in construction has sparked increased interest in eco-friendly materials, particularly the development of green concrete to address environmental concerns. Sand, a crucial component in various construction materials and industries, faces rising demand due to population growth and higher living standards; however, its extraction significantly disrupts river ecosystems. In Malaysia, spent garnet from ship sandblasting has emerged as a promising additive to enhance concrete performance, with studies showing positive effects on compressive strength. This study investigates the impact of incorporating spent garnet (SG) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates, aiming to determine the optimal replacement percentage that achieves 30 MPa compressive strength within 28 days. Concrete mixes were prepared using three water-cement (w/c) ratios (0.45, 0.50, 0.55) and a conventional cement-sand ratio, incorporating 10% Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as a cement substitute and SG at 0% to 40% by weight of fine aggregate. A total of 135 cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for slump, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength according to ASTM standards. Sieve analysis showed that sand performed better than SG at finer particle sizes, while higher w/c ratios improved workability with increasing SG content. The optimum mechanical performance across all w/c ratios was recorded at 30% SG, beyond which strength declined. It is recommended that future studies explore long-term durability, microstructural behavior, and environmental impacts of POFA-SG concrete through additional tests such as water absorption, penetration resistance, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). These will help identify internal flaws, assess porosity, and confirm homogeneity. Moreover, microstructural evaluations like SEM and detailed chemical characterizations—currently beyond the scope of this study—will be addressed in a separate companion paper, offering a more holistic understanding of SG and POFA in sustainable concrete development. Springer 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_nd_4 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45509/1/Mechanical%20properties%20of%20palm%20oil%20waste.pdf Parsuraman, Jeyasaraniya and Rokiah, Othman and Mohd Arif, Sulaiman and Khairunisa, Muthusamy and Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah and Youventharan, Duraisamy (2025) Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, 11 (20). pp. 1-12. ISSN 2365-3167. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-025-00671-z 10.1007/s41024-025-00671-z 10.1007/s41024-025-00671-z |
| spellingShingle | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Parsuraman, Jeyasaraniya Rokiah, Othman Mohd Arif, Sulaiman Khairunisa, Muthusamy Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Youventharan, Duraisamy Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| title | Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| title_full | Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| title_short | Mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| title_sort | mechanical properties of palm oil waste blended cement-based concrete containing spent garnet as partial fine aggregate replacement |
| topic | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| url | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45509/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45509/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45509/ |