Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot

Developing a continuous actuator material that changes in environmental conditions that can power up would benefit various future electronics, robotics, or medical sectors as it could be wireless, and mobile while remaining lightweight. However, the process involved in preparing the materials for th...

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Main Authors: Ainizar, Mustapa, Abu Hannifa, Abdullah, Wan Farhana, W. Idris, Zulhelmi, Ismail
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45328/
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author Ainizar, Mustapa
Abu Hannifa, Abdullah
Wan Farhana, W. Idris
Zulhelmi, Ismail
author_facet Ainizar, Mustapa
Abu Hannifa, Abdullah
Wan Farhana, W. Idris
Zulhelmi, Ismail
author_sort Ainizar, Mustapa
building UMP Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Developing a continuous actuator material that changes in environmental conditions that can power up would benefit various future electronics, robotics, or medical sectors as it could be wireless, and mobile while remaining lightweight. However, the process involved in preparing the materials for the actuator may not often be accessible to many due to the difficult procedure for assembly or utilization of specialized chemicals for actuator active materials. In this work, we reported a facile approach to fabricate an origami paper-based actuator named Paperbot that may mechanically be driven by the presence of surrounding humidity ( 60 %RH) and is able to continuously roll at the working temperature of up to 95 °C with a 99 %RH moisture level. The millipede-inspired bot consists of a head, body, and tail, while it is assembled using a cellulose paper as the body matrix, with graphite pencil and bi-axially oriented polypropylene tape acting as the active and support material, on both head and tail, respectively. Upon activation by humidity vapor, the actuator flips and rolls up to 6.3 cm with a linear speed of 8 mm/s, is able to climb up and down a 63° inclined terrain, and can further be programmed into 4-unique projectile motions after different shape geometries patterning on the actuator body. A combination of origami and pattern-based actuators in this work, while perhaps simple, could provide an in-depth understanding of the operation of a humidity-driven paper-based continuous actuator for the future.
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spelling ump-453282025-08-11T02:34:00Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45328/ Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot Ainizar, Mustapa Abu Hannifa, Abdullah Wan Farhana, W. Idris Zulhelmi, Ismail QC Physics TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Developing a continuous actuator material that changes in environmental conditions that can power up would benefit various future electronics, robotics, or medical sectors as it could be wireless, and mobile while remaining lightweight. However, the process involved in preparing the materials for the actuator may not often be accessible to many due to the difficult procedure for assembly or utilization of specialized chemicals for actuator active materials. In this work, we reported a facile approach to fabricate an origami paper-based actuator named Paperbot that may mechanically be driven by the presence of surrounding humidity ( 60 %RH) and is able to continuously roll at the working temperature of up to 95 °C with a 99 %RH moisture level. The millipede-inspired bot consists of a head, body, and tail, while it is assembled using a cellulose paper as the body matrix, with graphite pencil and bi-axially oriented polypropylene tape acting as the active and support material, on both head and tail, respectively. Upon activation by humidity vapor, the actuator flips and rolls up to 6.3 cm with a linear speed of 8 mm/s, is able to climb up and down a 63° inclined terrain, and can further be programmed into 4-unique projectile motions after different shape geometries patterning on the actuator body. A combination of origami and pattern-based actuators in this work, while perhaps simple, could provide an in-depth understanding of the operation of a humidity-driven paper-based continuous actuator for the future. Elsevier Ltd 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45328/1/Pencil%20yourself%20a%20humidity-driven%20continuous%20roll%20Paperbot.pdf Ainizar, Mustapa and Abu Hannifa, Abdullah and Wan Farhana, W. Idris and Zulhelmi, Ismail (2025) Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 444 (138363). pp. 1-12. ISSN 0925-4005. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138363 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138363 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138363
spellingShingle QC Physics
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Ainizar, Mustapa
Abu Hannifa, Abdullah
Wan Farhana, W. Idris
Zulhelmi, Ismail
Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot
title Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot
title_full Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot
title_fullStr Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot
title_full_unstemmed Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot
title_short Pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll Paperbot
title_sort pencil yourself a humidity-driven continuous roll paperbot
topic QC Physics
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
url https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45328/
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45328/
https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45328/