| Summary: | This study explores the effect of graphene oxide (GO) incorporation on the structural and electrochemical
properties of alginate–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃)
for supercapacitor applications. FTIR analysis revealed specific molecular interactions between graphene oxide
(GO) and the polymer host, while XRD results confirmed the enhanced amorphous nature of the composite. At 2
wt.% GO loading, the system exhibited peak ionic conductivity of 1.07 × 10-3 S/cm at room temperature, with a high ionic transference number (tₙ ≈ 0.98) and an extended electrochemical stability window of 2.85 V. Symmetric supercapacitors fabricated with these electrolytes achieved a specific capacitance of 240.78 F/g, an energy density of 131 Wh /kg, and long-term cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrate that GO-induced structural modulation significantly enhances proton transport and electrochemical performance, offering a promising biopolymer-based platform for next-generation energy storage devices.
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