Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity
This study synthesized ginger essential oil (GEO) nanoemulsions, F1@5, F2@10, and F3@5, using high-pressure homogenization to investigate the effects of droplet size and oil concentration on stability and bioactivity. Results revealed that smaller droplet size had a significantly greater impact (p &...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/1/Stability%2C%20antioxidant%20and%20antimicrobial%20activities%20of%20ginger%20essential%20oil.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848827256878661632 |
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| author | Olunusi, Samuel Olugbenga Nor Hanuni, Ramli Fatmawati, Adam Rahmadhia, Safinta Nurindra |
| author_facet | Olunusi, Samuel Olugbenga Nor Hanuni, Ramli Fatmawati, Adam Rahmadhia, Safinta Nurindra |
| author_sort | Olunusi, Samuel Olugbenga |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study synthesized ginger essential oil (GEO) nanoemulsions, F1@5, F2@10, and F3@5, using high-pressure homogenization to investigate the effects of droplet size and oil concentration on stability and bioactivity. Results revealed that smaller droplet size had a significantly greater impact (p < 0.05) than concentration in enhancing stability and functional performance. Formulation F2@10, with the smallest droplet size (62.08 nm), exhibited superior stability and uniform microstructure compared to F1@5 (141.83 nm) and F3@5 (133.35 nm). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated minimal changes in functional groups, confirming stable molecular interactions essential for maintaining bioactivity. F2@10 showed the highest antioxidant activity (26.58 % DPPH radical scavenging) and antifungal efficacy (55.16 % mycelial growth inhibition), attributed to enhanced surface area from reduced droplet size. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis of zingiberene, a major GEO component, revealed a moderate energy gap (5.19 eV), ionization potential (5.88 eV), and stable frontier orbital energies (HOMO: −5.88 eV; LUMO: −0.69 eV), supporting its potential for redox interactions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and 30-day stability studies further confirmed F2@10's structural integrity and sustained antioxidant activity. These findings underscore the importance of formulation parameters in optimizing GEO nanoemulsions for therapeutic applications against oxidative stress and microbial threats. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45122 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:50Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-451222025-07-18T08:13:32Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/ Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity Olunusi, Samuel Olugbenga Nor Hanuni, Ramli Fatmawati, Adam Rahmadhia, Safinta Nurindra QP Physiology RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology This study synthesized ginger essential oil (GEO) nanoemulsions, F1@5, F2@10, and F3@5, using high-pressure homogenization to investigate the effects of droplet size and oil concentration on stability and bioactivity. Results revealed that smaller droplet size had a significantly greater impact (p < 0.05) than concentration in enhancing stability and functional performance. Formulation F2@10, with the smallest droplet size (62.08 nm), exhibited superior stability and uniform microstructure compared to F1@5 (141.83 nm) and F3@5 (133.35 nm). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated minimal changes in functional groups, confirming stable molecular interactions essential for maintaining bioactivity. F2@10 showed the highest antioxidant activity (26.58 % DPPH radical scavenging) and antifungal efficacy (55.16 % mycelial growth inhibition), attributed to enhanced surface area from reduced droplet size. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis of zingiberene, a major GEO component, revealed a moderate energy gap (5.19 eV), ionization potential (5.88 eV), and stable frontier orbital energies (HOMO: −5.88 eV; LUMO: −0.69 eV), supporting its potential for redox interactions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and 30-day stability studies further confirmed F2@10's structural integrity and sustained antioxidant activity. These findings underscore the importance of formulation parameters in optimizing GEO nanoemulsions for therapeutic applications against oxidative stress and microbial threats. Elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/1/Stability%2C%20antioxidant%20and%20antimicrobial%20activities%20of%20ginger%20essential%20oil.pdf Olunusi, Samuel Olugbenga and Nor Hanuni, Ramli and Fatmawati, Adam and Rahmadhia, Safinta Nurindra (2025) Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity. Food Bioscience, 71 (107174). pp. 1-9. ISSN 2212-4292. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107174 |
| spellingShingle | QP Physiology RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology Olunusi, Samuel Olugbenga Nor Hanuni, Ramli Fatmawati, Adam Rahmadhia, Safinta Nurindra Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| title | Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| title_full | Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| title_fullStr | Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| title_short | Stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: Impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| title_sort | stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ginger essential oil nanoemulsion: impact of droplet size and concentration with molecular dynamics insights into zingiberene bioactivity |
| topic | QP Physiology RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45122/1/Stability%2C%20antioxidant%20and%20antimicrobial%20activities%20of%20ginger%20essential%20oil.pdf |