Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites
This study examines the impact of alkaline treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. SPF fibers (250 μm) were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (w/w) for 90 m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/1/Effect%20of%20alkaline%20treatment%20on%20the%20thermal%20and%20mechanical%20properties.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848827254176481280 |
|---|---|
| author | Bachtiar, Dandi Mohammed, Ausama Abbas Palanisamy, Sivasubramanian Imran, Al Ichlas Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Mohd Ruzaimi, Mat Rejab Syaubari, Syaubari Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Al-Farraj, Saleh A. Almansour, Mansour I Ma, Quanjin |
| author_facet | Bachtiar, Dandi Mohammed, Ausama Abbas Palanisamy, Sivasubramanian Imran, Al Ichlas Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Mohd Ruzaimi, Mat Rejab Syaubari, Syaubari Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Al-Farraj, Saleh A. Almansour, Mansour I Ma, Quanjin |
| author_sort | Bachtiar, Dandi |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study examines the impact of alkaline treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. SPF fibers (250 μm) were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (w/w) for 90 min at room temperature. These fibers were then mixed with TPU in an extruder at 180–200 °C and molded into composite sheets using compression molding at 190 °C, 10 MPa pressure, and a 10-minute holding time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed increased crystallinity in the composites, peaking at 1589 cps with 6% NaOH. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed improved fiber-matrix compatibility, most evident with 2% NaOH. SEM analysis indicated cleaner and rougher fiber surfaces post-treatment, though cracks were observed at higher concentrations. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed increased oxygen content and sodium residue at elevated NaOH levels, reflecting lignin removal. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with the highest residue mass of 599.16 °C at 6% NaOH. Alkaline treatment notably enhanced SPF/TPU composites, with 2% NaOH providing optimal flexural strength and 6% NaOH maximizing impact strength and thermal stability. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45107 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:47Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-451072025-07-18T03:57:13Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/ Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites Bachtiar, Dandi Mohammed, Ausama Abbas Palanisamy, Sivasubramanian Imran, Al Ichlas Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Mohd Ruzaimi, Mat Rejab Syaubari, Syaubari Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Al-Farraj, Saleh A. Almansour, Mansour I Ma, Quanjin TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology This study examines the impact of alkaline treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. SPF fibers (250 μm) were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% (w/w) for 90 min at room temperature. These fibers were then mixed with TPU in an extruder at 180–200 °C and molded into composite sheets using compression molding at 190 °C, 10 MPa pressure, and a 10-minute holding time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed increased crystallinity in the composites, peaking at 1589 cps with 6% NaOH. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed improved fiber-matrix compatibility, most evident with 2% NaOH. SEM analysis indicated cleaner and rougher fiber surfaces post-treatment, though cracks were observed at higher concentrations. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed increased oxygen content and sodium residue at elevated NaOH levels, reflecting lignin removal. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with the highest residue mass of 599.16 °C at 6% NaOH. Alkaline treatment notably enhanced SPF/TPU composites, with 2% NaOH providing optimal flexural strength and 6% NaOH maximizing impact strength and thermal stability. Nature Publishing Group 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/1/Effect%20of%20alkaline%20treatment%20on%20the%20thermal%20and%20mechanical%20properties.pdf Bachtiar, Dandi and Mohammed, Ausama Abbas and Palanisamy, Sivasubramanian and Imran, Al Ichlas and Siregar, Januar Parlaungan and Mohd Ruzaimi, Mat Rejab and Syaubari, Syaubari and Cionita, Tezara and Fitriyana, Deni Fajar and Al-Farraj, Saleh A. and Almansour, Mansour I and Ma, Quanjin (2025) Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites. Scientific Reports, 15 (1). pp. 1-14. ISSN 2045-2322. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99227-x https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99227-x |
| spellingShingle | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology Bachtiar, Dandi Mohammed, Ausama Abbas Palanisamy, Sivasubramanian Imran, Al Ichlas Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Mohd Ruzaimi, Mat Rejab Syaubari, Syaubari Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Al-Farraj, Saleh A. Almansour, Mansour I Ma, Quanjin Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| title | Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| title_full | Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| title_fullStr | Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| title_short | Effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| title_sort | effect of alkaline treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites |
| topic | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45107/1/Effect%20of%20alkaline%20treatment%20on%20the%20thermal%20and%20mechanical%20properties.pdf |