A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption
Given the growing need to minimise emissions in order to combat climate change and the apparent association between electrical energy (EE) consumption and emissions, an inclusive analysis of the link between the wavelength of light and the EE consumption by defective titanium dioxide (D-TiO2) nanoma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/1/A%20review%20of%20the%20defective%20TiO2%20materials-based%20photocatalysis.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848827247313551360 |
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| author | Nawaz, Rab Marlia, Mohd Hanafiah Zaini, Sakawi Baki, Zahed Abdel Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin Muzammil, Anjum Aznan Fazli, Ismail Arshad, Ushtar |
| author_facet | Nawaz, Rab Marlia, Mohd Hanafiah Zaini, Sakawi Baki, Zahed Abdel Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin Muzammil, Anjum Aznan Fazli, Ismail Arshad, Ushtar |
| author_sort | Nawaz, Rab |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Given the growing need to minimise emissions in order to combat climate change and the apparent association between electrical energy (EE) consumption and emissions, an inclusive analysis of the link between the wavelength of light and the EE consumption by defective titanium dioxide (D-TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) could be extremely useful. An explicit understanding of the nexus between the energy consumption by D-TiO2 NMs–primarily EE–and the wavelength of light driving the oxidative degradation of organic compounds remain elusive. This review paper presents the analysis of the EE consumed by the D-TiO2 NMs at different wavelengths and the corresponding treatment cost (T-cost) for the oxidative degradation of four different organic compounds: pesticides (PES), organic dyes (ODs), phenolic compounds (PCs), and pharmaceuticals (PMs). The quantity of EE consumed was estimated using a reliable scale-up metric proposed by IUPAC. According to the analysis, the EE consumption increases by ~100 %, or 2.75 kWh/m3 for every nm, when the wavelength is extending from the UV (λ < 400) to the visible range (λ > 400 nm). Even while some D-TiO2 NMs improved energy efficiency and decreased EE consumption to less than 5 kWh/m3 , the values are still higher than those of a traditional treatment facility. To lower EE consumption and increase the energy efficiency of D-TiO2 NMs for environmental remediation, techniques like matching the spectrum of light with that of the pollutant and D-TiO2 NMs, light on and off modulation, and the development of hierarchical structures can be implemented. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45065 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:41Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-450652025-07-14T06:14:50Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/ A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption Nawaz, Rab Marlia, Mohd Hanafiah Zaini, Sakawi Baki, Zahed Abdel Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin Muzammil, Anjum Aznan Fazli, Ismail Arshad, Ushtar TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Given the growing need to minimise emissions in order to combat climate change and the apparent association between electrical energy (EE) consumption and emissions, an inclusive analysis of the link between the wavelength of light and the EE consumption by defective titanium dioxide (D-TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) could be extremely useful. An explicit understanding of the nexus between the energy consumption by D-TiO2 NMs–primarily EE–and the wavelength of light driving the oxidative degradation of organic compounds remain elusive. This review paper presents the analysis of the EE consumed by the D-TiO2 NMs at different wavelengths and the corresponding treatment cost (T-cost) for the oxidative degradation of four different organic compounds: pesticides (PES), organic dyes (ODs), phenolic compounds (PCs), and pharmaceuticals (PMs). The quantity of EE consumed was estimated using a reliable scale-up metric proposed by IUPAC. According to the analysis, the EE consumption increases by ~100 %, or 2.75 kWh/m3 for every nm, when the wavelength is extending from the UV (λ < 400) to the visible range (λ > 400 nm). Even while some D-TiO2 NMs improved energy efficiency and decreased EE consumption to less than 5 kWh/m3 , the values are still higher than those of a traditional treatment facility. To lower EE consumption and increase the energy efficiency of D-TiO2 NMs for environmental remediation, techniques like matching the spectrum of light with that of the pollutant and D-TiO2 NMs, light on and off modulation, and the development of hierarchical structures can be implemented. Elsevier 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/1/A%20review%20of%20the%20defective%20TiO2%20materials-based%20photocatalysis.pdf Nawaz, Rab and Marlia, Mohd Hanafiah and Zaini, Sakawi and Baki, Zahed Abdel and Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin and Muzammil, Anjum and Aznan Fazli, Ismail and Arshad, Ushtar (2025) A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption. Applied Energy, 393 (126143). pp. 1-22. ISSN 0306-2619. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126143 |
| spellingShingle | TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Nawaz, Rab Marlia, Mohd Hanafiah Zaini, Sakawi Baki, Zahed Abdel Sumaiya, Zainal Abidin Muzammil, Anjum Aznan Fazli, Ismail Arshad, Ushtar A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| title | A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| title_full | A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| title_fullStr | A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| title_short | A review of the defective TiO2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| title_sort | review of the defective tio2 materials-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation: exploring the nexus between light wavelength and energy consumption |
| topic | TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45065/1/A%20review%20of%20the%20defective%20TiO2%20materials-based%20photocatalysis.pdf |