A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions
Seeding involves introducing a pre- formed Carbamazepine-Saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal into a solution, influenced by seeding temperature, seed size and seed loading. The primary objective of this research is to explore the effects of seeding temperature, seed size and seed loading on the productio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
2025
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/1/A%20study%20on%20the%20production%20of%20high-quality%20carbamazepine-saccharin.pdf |
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| author | Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Ping, Kathie L. W. Nurul Asilah, Md. Amin Engku N. H. E., Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim |
| author_facet | Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Ping, Kathie L. W. Nurul Asilah, Md. Amin Engku N. H. E., Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim |
| author_sort | Khairool Azizul, Mohammad |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Seeding involves introducing a pre- formed Carbamazepine-Saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal into a solution, influenced by seeding temperature, seed size and seed loading. The primary objective of this research is to explore the effects of seeding temperature, seed size and seed loading on the production of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. The seeding experiment was done by adding seed crystal at targeted seeding temperature during the second cooling phase. The experiment was repeated with different seeding temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C; seed size of <90, 106-125, 125-160 and 160-180 μm; and seed loading of 31.85, 63.70, 95.55 and 127.4 mg. The study reveals that higher seeding temperature and larger crystal size decrease crystal nucleation rate, while higher seed loading increases it. The optimal seeding temperature between 25 °C to 30 °C, with the ideal seed size being 125-160 μm and seed loading is 63.7 mg. In conclusion, the research highlights the critical role of seeding temperature, seed size, and seed loading in the production of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Additional research focusing on commercialization could involve ADME analysis or solubility test of the co-crystal produced for deeper understanding on the economic advantages associated with CBZ-SAC co-crystal. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-45051 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:57:38Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Egyptian Journal of Chemistry |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-450512025-07-10T03:12:31Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/ A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Ping, Kathie L. W. Nurul Asilah, Md. Amin Engku N. H. E., Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology Seeding involves introducing a pre- formed Carbamazepine-Saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal into a solution, influenced by seeding temperature, seed size and seed loading. The primary objective of this research is to explore the effects of seeding temperature, seed size and seed loading on the production of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. The seeding experiment was done by adding seed crystal at targeted seeding temperature during the second cooling phase. The experiment was repeated with different seeding temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C; seed size of <90, 106-125, 125-160 and 160-180 μm; and seed loading of 31.85, 63.70, 95.55 and 127.4 mg. The study reveals that higher seeding temperature and larger crystal size decrease crystal nucleation rate, while higher seed loading increases it. The optimal seeding temperature between 25 °C to 30 °C, with the ideal seed size being 125-160 μm and seed loading is 63.7 mg. In conclusion, the research highlights the critical role of seeding temperature, seed size, and seed loading in the production of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Additional research focusing on commercialization could involve ADME analysis or solubility test of the co-crystal produced for deeper understanding on the economic advantages associated with CBZ-SAC co-crystal. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 2025 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/1/A%20study%20on%20the%20production%20of%20high-quality%20carbamazepine-saccharin.pdf Khairool Azizul, Mohammad and Ping, Kathie L. W. and Nurul Asilah, Md. Amin and Engku N. H. E., Zainudin and Syarifah, Abd Rahim (2025) A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 68 (8). pp. 161-168. ISSN 2357-0245 (printed); 0449-2285(online). (Published) https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2024.325215.10560 Abstract https://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2024.325215.10560 Abstract |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Ping, Kathie L. W. Nurul Asilah, Md. Amin Engku N. H. E., Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions |
| title | A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions |
| title_full | A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions |
| title_fullStr | A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions |
| title_short | A Study on the Production of High-Quality Carbamazepine-Saccharin Co-Crystals: The Role of Seeding Conditions |
| title_sort | study on the production of high-quality carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals: the role of seeding conditions |
| topic | QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/45051/1/A%20study%20on%20the%20production%20of%20high-quality%20carbamazepine-saccharin.pdf |