Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process
In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from crude palm oil through a double-step transesterification process using a CaO-SiO₂ bi-catalyst. The catalyst was designed to serve dual purposes: facilitating the transesterification reaction and removing steryl glucosides (SGs), a critical impurity in bi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang
2024
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/1/Catalyst%20Effect%20on%20Steryl%20Glucosides%20Concentration%20in%20Palm%20Based%20Biodiesel.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848827164877651968 |
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| author | F. K., Azmi Muhammad Nor Fazli, Abd Malek Maniam, Gaanty Pragas |
| author_facet | F. K., Azmi Muhammad Nor Fazli, Abd Malek Maniam, Gaanty Pragas |
| author_sort | F. K., Azmi |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from crude palm oil through a double-step transesterification process using a CaO-SiO₂ bi-catalyst. The catalyst was designed to serve dual purposes: facilitating the transesterification reaction and removing steryl glucosides (SGs), a critical impurity in biodiesel. The process optimization was carried out using Central Composite Design to achieve maximum fatty acid methyl ester conversion. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized for density (0.863 g/cm³), viscosity (5 mPa·s), iodine value (19.572 g/100g), acid value (0.437 mg KOH/g), and conversion efficiency (81.71%), confirming its compliance with biodiesel standards. Catalyst characterization through SEM, XRD, BET, and FTIR analyses revealed an amorphous structure, high surface area (86.81 m²/g), and functional groups suitable for SG removal and catalytic activity. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed an SG removal efficiency of 79.15 %. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the CaO-SiO₂ bi-catalyst in integrating biodiesel synthesis and impurity removal in a single reaction, offering a simplified and efficient approach to biodiesel production. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:56:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-44718 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:56:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-447182025-06-04T06:47:38Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/ Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process F. K., Azmi Muhammad Nor Fazli, Abd Malek Maniam, Gaanty Pragas TP Chemical technology In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from crude palm oil through a double-step transesterification process using a CaO-SiO₂ bi-catalyst. The catalyst was designed to serve dual purposes: facilitating the transesterification reaction and removing steryl glucosides (SGs), a critical impurity in biodiesel. The process optimization was carried out using Central Composite Design to achieve maximum fatty acid methyl ester conversion. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized for density (0.863 g/cm³), viscosity (5 mPa·s), iodine value (19.572 g/100g), acid value (0.437 mg KOH/g), and conversion efficiency (81.71%), confirming its compliance with biodiesel standards. Catalyst characterization through SEM, XRD, BET, and FTIR analyses revealed an amorphous structure, high surface area (86.81 m²/g), and functional groups suitable for SG removal and catalytic activity. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed an SG removal efficiency of 79.15 %. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the CaO-SiO₂ bi-catalyst in integrating biodiesel synthesis and impurity removal in a single reaction, offering a simplified and efficient approach to biodiesel production. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang 2024-06-21 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/1/Catalyst%20Effect%20on%20Steryl%20Glucosides%20Concentration%20in%20Palm%20Based%20Biodiesel.pdf F. K., Azmi and Muhammad Nor Fazli, Abd Malek and Maniam, Gaanty Pragas (2024) Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process. Current Science and Technology (CST), 4 (1). pp. 45-50. ISSN 2785-8804. (Published) https://doi.org/10.15282/cst.v4i1.11560 https://doi.org/10.15282/cst.v4i1.11560 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology F. K., Azmi Muhammad Nor Fazli, Abd Malek Maniam, Gaanty Pragas Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| title | Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| title_full | Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| title_fullStr | Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| title_short | Catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| title_sort | catalyst effect on steryl glucosides concentration in palm-based biodiesel during transesterification process |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44718/1/Catalyst%20Effect%20on%20Steryl%20Glucosides%20Concentration%20in%20Palm%20Based%20Biodiesel.pdf |