Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator
Vehicular cooling system is one of the priorities for the automobile industry, aiming to achieve sustainability and energy efficiency. Currently, coolants are being utilized in cooling systems that exhibit super heat transfer capabilities. Hybrid nanofluids as a coolant is offer enhanced heat transf...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/1/Artificial%20intelligent%20model%20to%20enhance%20thermal%20conductivity.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848827160906694656 |
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| author | Hasan, Md. Munirul Rahman, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Arafatur Suraya, Abu Bakar Mohammad Saiful, Islam Khalifa, Tarek |
| author_facet | Hasan, Md. Munirul Rahman, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Arafatur Suraya, Abu Bakar Mohammad Saiful, Islam Khalifa, Tarek |
| author_sort | Hasan, Md. Munirul |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Vehicular cooling system is one of the priorities for the automobile industry, aiming to achieve sustainability and energy efficiency. Currently, coolants are being utilized in cooling systems that exhibit super heat transfer capabilities. Hybrid nanofluids as a coolant is offer enhanced heat transfer rate and improved efficiency and eco-friendliness of vehicle engine cooling systems. This study aims to analyze the conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of distilled water and ethylene glycol (in a ratio of 40 and 60) with Al2O3 and TiO2 particles to evaluate its suitability as a coolant for vehicle engines using intelligent techniques. The volume concentration and the temperature varied from 0.02%-0.1% and 30 ∘ C- 80 ∘ C, respectively. The experimental findings led us to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This model consists of a layer containing 9 neurons designed to estimate thermal conductivity. ANN model was constructed using input parameters such as volume concentration and temperature, with the output being the conductivity. Furthermore, apart from utilizing the ANN, we employed techniques like support vector machine (SVM) and curve fitting (CF) approaches to analyze the experimental data. This allowed us to calculate values such as the correlation coefficient (R) and mean square error (MSE). The increase in thermal conductivity reached a maximum of 40.86% when the temperature was 80 ∘ C, and the volume concentration was 0.1%. The results obtained indicate that the suggested ANN model aligns closely with the experimental data. Based on the assessment of the highest R-value and lowest MSE, this analysis demonstrates performance, with an R-value of 0.9998 and an MSE of 3.87415×10−06 . The training and testing phases exhibit remarkable performances with values of 4.86256×10−07 and 2.540599×10−06 , respectively. Moreover, when comparing the SVM and CF approaches, it was found that ANN modelling provided a level of accuracy in predicting the enhancement of conductivity in the hybrid nanofluid. These results demonstrate that the ANN can accurately predict thermal conductivity. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:56:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-44705 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:56:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-447052025-06-03T01:41:42Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/ Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator Hasan, Md. Munirul Rahman, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Arafatur Suraya, Abu Bakar Mohammad Saiful, Islam Khalifa, Tarek QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Vehicular cooling system is one of the priorities for the automobile industry, aiming to achieve sustainability and energy efficiency. Currently, coolants are being utilized in cooling systems that exhibit super heat transfer capabilities. Hybrid nanofluids as a coolant is offer enhanced heat transfer rate and improved efficiency and eco-friendliness of vehicle engine cooling systems. This study aims to analyze the conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of distilled water and ethylene glycol (in a ratio of 40 and 60) with Al2O3 and TiO2 particles to evaluate its suitability as a coolant for vehicle engines using intelligent techniques. The volume concentration and the temperature varied from 0.02%-0.1% and 30 ∘ C- 80 ∘ C, respectively. The experimental findings led us to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model. This model consists of a layer containing 9 neurons designed to estimate thermal conductivity. ANN model was constructed using input parameters such as volume concentration and temperature, with the output being the conductivity. Furthermore, apart from utilizing the ANN, we employed techniques like support vector machine (SVM) and curve fitting (CF) approaches to analyze the experimental data. This allowed us to calculate values such as the correlation coefficient (R) and mean square error (MSE). The increase in thermal conductivity reached a maximum of 40.86% when the temperature was 80 ∘ C, and the volume concentration was 0.1%. The results obtained indicate that the suggested ANN model aligns closely with the experimental data. Based on the assessment of the highest R-value and lowest MSE, this analysis demonstrates performance, with an R-value of 0.9998 and an MSE of 3.87415×10−06 . The training and testing phases exhibit remarkable performances with values of 4.86256×10−07 and 2.540599×10−06 , respectively. Moreover, when comparing the SVM and CF approaches, it was found that ANN modelling provided a level of accuracy in predicting the enhancement of conductivity in the hybrid nanofluid. These results demonstrate that the ANN can accurately predict thermal conductivity. IEEE 2024 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/1/Artificial%20intelligent%20model%20to%20enhance%20thermal%20conductivity.pdf Hasan, Md. Munirul and Rahman, Md Mustafizur and Rahman, Md. Arafatur and Suraya, Abu Bakar and Mohammad Saiful, Islam and Khalifa, Tarek (2024) Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator. IEEE Access, 12. 179164 -179189. ISSN 2169-3536. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3496786 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3496786 |
| spellingShingle | QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Hasan, Md. Munirul Rahman, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Arafatur Suraya, Abu Bakar Mohammad Saiful, Islam Khalifa, Tarek Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| title | Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| title_full | Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| title_fullStr | Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| title_short | Artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of TiO2-Al2O3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| title_sort | artificial intelligent model to enhance thermal conductivity of tio2-al2o3/water-ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid for automotive radiator |
| topic | QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44705/1/Artificial%20intelligent%20model%20to%20enhance%20thermal%20conductivity.pdf |