A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics

Stone relics are among the most important cultural heritages as they preserve a trove of cultural information of historical import. Many of these relics have sustained damage due to extensive periods weathering outdoor environment conditions causing different weathering patterns', including cra...

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Main Authors: Ma, Chuang, Chin, Sim Yee, Benedict, Ashwin C., Suriati, Ghazali, Yang, Luxin
Format: Conference or Workshop Item
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/1/A%20comprehensive%20review%20of%20weathering%20patterns%20and%20protective%20materials%20for%20stone%20relics.pdf
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author Ma, Chuang
Chin, Sim Yee
Benedict, Ashwin C.
Suriati, Ghazali
Yang, Luxin
author_facet Ma, Chuang
Chin, Sim Yee
Benedict, Ashwin C.
Suriati, Ghazali
Yang, Luxin
author_sort Ma, Chuang
building UMP Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Stone relics are among the most important cultural heritages as they preserve a trove of cultural information of historical import. Many of these relics have sustained damage due to extensive periods weathering outdoor environment conditions causing different weathering patterns', including cracking, fracture, blistering, efflorescence, peeling, flaking and exfoliation. Among the main environmental factors causing these types of decay are water, acids, temperature fluctuations, soluble salts, and microorganisms. To preserve these stone monuments, Extensive research efforts have been devoted toward protecting these artifacts from environmental deterioration. The present paper reviews the pros and cons as well as future development perspectives of inorganic, organic, inorganic/organic composites and biological protective materials for prevention of stone relics deterioration from physical, chemical, and biological factors, which indicates that inorganic/organic composites possess obvious advantages for preventing water deterioration. Which provide future development perspectives about the protective materials.
first_indexed 2025-11-15T03:55:47Z
format Conference or Workshop Item
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institution Universiti Malaysia Pahang
institution_category Local University
language English
last_indexed 2025-11-15T03:55:47Z
publishDate 2025
publisher IOP Publishing
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling ump-445512025-05-13T04:14:52Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/ A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics Ma, Chuang Chin, Sim Yee Benedict, Ashwin C. Suriati, Ghazali Yang, Luxin TP Chemical technology Stone relics are among the most important cultural heritages as they preserve a trove of cultural information of historical import. Many of these relics have sustained damage due to extensive periods weathering outdoor environment conditions causing different weathering patterns', including cracking, fracture, blistering, efflorescence, peeling, flaking and exfoliation. Among the main environmental factors causing these types of decay are water, acids, temperature fluctuations, soluble salts, and microorganisms. To preserve these stone monuments, Extensive research efforts have been devoted toward protecting these artifacts from environmental deterioration. The present paper reviews the pros and cons as well as future development perspectives of inorganic, organic, inorganic/organic composites and biological protective materials for prevention of stone relics deterioration from physical, chemical, and biological factors, which indicates that inorganic/organic composites possess obvious advantages for preventing water deterioration. Which provide future development perspectives about the protective materials. IOP Publishing 2025 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/1/A%20comprehensive%20review%20of%20weathering%20patterns%20and%20protective%20materials%20for%20stone%20relics.pdf Ma, Chuang and Chin, Sim Yee and Benedict, Ashwin C. and Suriati, Ghazali and Yang, Luxin (2025) A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 7th International Conference of Chemical Engineering & Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB 2024) , 27/08/2024 - 29/08/2024 , Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 1-19., 3003 (012004). ISSN 1742-6596 (Published) https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3003/1/012004
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Ma, Chuang
Chin, Sim Yee
Benedict, Ashwin C.
Suriati, Ghazali
Yang, Luxin
A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
title A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
title_full A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
title_fullStr A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
title_full_unstemmed A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
title_short A comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
title_sort comprehensive review of weathering patterns and protective materials for stone relics
topic TP Chemical technology
url http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44551/1/A%20comprehensive%20review%20of%20weathering%20patterns%20and%20protective%20materials%20for%20stone%20relics.pdf