The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM)
This research improves the strength of plastic using avocado seed starch and PLA. The effect of blending avocado seed starch and PLA was optimized using the RSM approach by using two variables: water absorption and biodegradability. Mixing them using RSM gave the best result: 1.8 g of starch and 3 g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2024
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/1/The%20optimization%20of%20avocado-seed-starch-based.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848827039220498432 |
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| author | Dewi, Rozanna Sylvia, Novi Zulnazri, Zulnazri Fithra, Herman Riza, Medyan Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Anis, Samsudin |
| author_facet | Dewi, Rozanna Sylvia, Novi Zulnazri, Zulnazri Fithra, Herman Riza, Medyan Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Anis, Samsudin |
| author_sort | Dewi, Rozanna |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This research improves the strength of plastic using avocado seed starch and PLA. The effect of blending avocado seed starch and PLA was optimized using the RSM approach by using two variables: water absorption and biodegradability. Mixing them using RSM gave the best result: 1.8 g of starch and 3 g of PLA. Degradable plastic has a tensile strength of 10.1 MPa, elongation at a break of 85.8%, and a Young’s modulus of 190 MPa. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the plastic had a -OH bond at 3273.20 cm−1, 3502.73 cm−1, and 3647.39 cm−1, a CH2 bond at 2953.52 cm−1, 2945.30 cm−1, and 2902.87 cm−1, a C=C bond at 1631.78 cm−1, and a C-O bond at 1741.72 cm−1. The plastic decomposed in the soil. It was organic and hydrophilic. Thermal tests demonstrated that the plastic can withstand heat well, losing weight at 356.86 °C to 413.64 °C, forming crystals and plastic melts at 159.10 °C—the same as PLA. In the melt flow test, the sample melted before measurement, and was therefore not measurable—process conditions affected it. A water absorption of 5.763% and biodegradation rate of 37.988% were found when the samples were decomposed for 12 days. The starch and PLA fused in the morphology analysis to form a smooth surface. The RSM value was close to 1. The RSM gave the best process parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:54:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-44134 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:54:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-441342025-06-12T01:52:14Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/ The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) Dewi, Rozanna Sylvia, Novi Zulnazri, Zulnazri Fithra, Herman Riza, Medyan Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Anis, Samsudin TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology This research improves the strength of plastic using avocado seed starch and PLA. The effect of blending avocado seed starch and PLA was optimized using the RSM approach by using two variables: water absorption and biodegradability. Mixing them using RSM gave the best result: 1.8 g of starch and 3 g of PLA. Degradable plastic has a tensile strength of 10.1 MPa, elongation at a break of 85.8%, and a Young’s modulus of 190 MPa. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the plastic had a -OH bond at 3273.20 cm−1, 3502.73 cm−1, and 3647.39 cm−1, a CH2 bond at 2953.52 cm−1, 2945.30 cm−1, and 2902.87 cm−1, a C=C bond at 1631.78 cm−1, and a C-O bond at 1741.72 cm−1. The plastic decomposed in the soil. It was organic and hydrophilic. Thermal tests demonstrated that the plastic can withstand heat well, losing weight at 356.86 °C to 413.64 °C, forming crystals and plastic melts at 159.10 °C—the same as PLA. In the melt flow test, the sample melted before measurement, and was therefore not measurable—process conditions affected it. A water absorption of 5.763% and biodegradation rate of 37.988% were found when the samples were decomposed for 12 days. The starch and PLA fused in the morphology analysis to form a smooth surface. The RSM value was close to 1. The RSM gave the best process parameters. MDPI 2024-08-22 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/1/The%20optimization%20of%20avocado-seed-starch-based.pdf Dewi, Rozanna and Sylvia, Novi and Zulnazri, Zulnazri and Fithra, Herman and Riza, Medyan and Siregar, Januar Parlaungan and Cionita, Tezara and Fitriyana, Deni Fajar and Anis, Samsudin (2024) The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM). Polymers, 16 (16). pp. 1-21. ISSN 2073-4360. (Published) https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162384 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162384 |
| spellingShingle | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology Dewi, Rozanna Sylvia, Novi Zulnazri, Zulnazri Fithra, Herman Riza, Medyan Siregar, Januar Parlaungan Cionita, Tezara Fitriyana, Deni Fajar Anis, Samsudin The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title | The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_full | The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_fullStr | The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_short | The optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (PLA) blend using response surface methodology (RSM) |
| title_sort | optimization of avocado-seed-starch-based degradable plastic synthesis with a polylactic acid (pla) blend using response surface methodology (rsm) |
| topic | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44134/1/The%20optimization%20of%20avocado-seed-starch-based.pdf |