Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis
The utilization of Vis-NIR spectroscopy, coupled with advanced statistical analysis methods, offers enhanced precision in monitoring the nutrient status of plants compared to traditional practices. This research aims to explore the efficacy of spectroscopy as a method for detecting and monitoring pl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V.
2025
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/1/Quantifying%20the%20impact%20of%20varied%20NPK%20fertilizer%20levels%20on%20oil%20palm%20plants.pdf |
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| author | Siti Anis Dalila, Muhammad Zahir Mohd Faizal, Jamlos Ahmad Fairuz, Omar Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan, Nordin Abdullah Raypah, Muna Ezzi Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Muncan, Jelena |
| author_facet | Siti Anis Dalila, Muhammad Zahir Mohd Faizal, Jamlos Ahmad Fairuz, Omar Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan, Nordin Abdullah Raypah, Muna Ezzi Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Muncan, Jelena |
| author_sort | Siti Anis Dalila, Muhammad Zahir |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The utilization of Vis-NIR spectroscopy, coupled with advanced statistical analysis methods, offers enhanced precision in monitoring the nutrient status of plants compared to traditional practices. This research aims to explore the efficacy of spectroscopy as a method for detecting and monitoring plant nutrient levels. The reflectance spectra of AA Hybrida 1S oil palm plants were measured in the 325–1075 nm wavelength range. Different quantities and application intervals of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers were systematically examined to assess their impact on the physical condition and reflectance of the plants. The relationship between different fertilization methods and nutrient levels is analysed using spectral index and principal component analysis (PCA), employing and testing several spectral pre-processing techniques, such as moving average smoothing, Savitzky-Golay derivatives, and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation. Spectral index calculation showed with statistical significance that 0.8 g of NPK supplied every two weeks improved the nutrient conditions in plants after five months. Moreover, PCA analysis showed that SNV pre-processing enabled the best classification between stressed and non-stressed nutrient status. Among the spectral bands analysed, the red-edge band (660–770 nm) demonstrated significantly better performance than the green band (540–560 nm) in identifying nutrient-stressed conditions. This is attributed to the strong light absorption by chlorophyll in the red region and the pronounced reflection caused by leaf cell structures in the NIR region. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:54:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-44071 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:54:09Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-440712025-03-12T06:18:58Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/ Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis Siti Anis Dalila, Muhammad Zahir Mohd Faizal, Jamlos Ahmad Fairuz, Omar Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan, Nordin Abdullah Raypah, Muna Ezzi Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Muncan, Jelena S Agriculture (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering The utilization of Vis-NIR spectroscopy, coupled with advanced statistical analysis methods, offers enhanced precision in monitoring the nutrient status of plants compared to traditional practices. This research aims to explore the efficacy of spectroscopy as a method for detecting and monitoring plant nutrient levels. The reflectance spectra of AA Hybrida 1S oil palm plants were measured in the 325–1075 nm wavelength range. Different quantities and application intervals of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers were systematically examined to assess their impact on the physical condition and reflectance of the plants. The relationship between different fertilization methods and nutrient levels is analysed using spectral index and principal component analysis (PCA), employing and testing several spectral pre-processing techniques, such as moving average smoothing, Savitzky-Golay derivatives, and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation. Spectral index calculation showed with statistical significance that 0.8 g of NPK supplied every two weeks improved the nutrient conditions in plants after five months. Moreover, PCA analysis showed that SNV pre-processing enabled the best classification between stressed and non-stressed nutrient status. Among the spectral bands analysed, the red-edge band (660–770 nm) demonstrated significantly better performance than the green band (540–560 nm) in identifying nutrient-stressed conditions. This is attributed to the strong light absorption by chlorophyll in the red region and the pronounced reflection caused by leaf cell structures in the NIR region. Elsevier B.V. 2025-08 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/1/Quantifying%20the%20impact%20of%20varied%20NPK%20fertilizer%20levels%20on%20oil%20palm%20plants.pdf Siti Anis Dalila, Muhammad Zahir and Mohd Faizal, Jamlos and Ahmad Fairuz, Omar and Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan, Nordin and Abdullah Raypah, Muna Ezzi and Rizalman, Mamat and Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos and Muncan, Jelena (2025) Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis. Smart Agricultural Technology, 11 (100864). pp. 1-15. ISSN 2772-3755. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2025.100864 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2025.100864 |
| spellingShingle | S Agriculture (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Siti Anis Dalila, Muhammad Zahir Mohd Faizal, Jamlos Ahmad Fairuz, Omar Muhammad Aqil Hafizzan, Nordin Abdullah Raypah, Muna Ezzi Rizalman, Mamat Mohd Aminudin, Jamlos Muncan, Jelena Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis |
| title | Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis |
| title_full | Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis |
| title_short | Quantifying the impact of varied NPK fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: A Vis-NIR spectral reflectance analysis |
| title_sort | quantifying the impact of varied npk fertilizer levels on oil palm plants during the nursery stage: a vis-nir spectral reflectance analysis |
| topic | S Agriculture (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44071/1/Quantifying%20the%20impact%20of%20varied%20NPK%20fertilizer%20levels%20on%20oil%20palm%20plants.pdf |