Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material
The escalating global demand for cement, a fundamental material in infrastructure development, has exacerbated environmental challenges, particularly through significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which account for approximately 8.3 % of global anthropogenic CO₂ output. This research explores t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Elsevier Ltd
2024
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/1/Preliminary%20investigation%20on%20spent%20garnet%20as%20a%20novel%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material_ABST.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/2/Preliminary%20investigation%20on%20spent%20garnet%20as%20a%20novel%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848826741243510784 |
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| author | Nur Farah Aziera, Jamaludin Khairunisa, Muthusamy Mohd Faizal, Md Jaafar Zuraina, Ali Zaiton, Abdul Majid Ismail, Mohamed A. |
| author_facet | Nur Farah Aziera, Jamaludin Khairunisa, Muthusamy Mohd Faizal, Md Jaafar Zuraina, Ali Zaiton, Abdul Majid Ismail, Mohamed A. |
| author_sort | Nur Farah Aziera, Jamaludin |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The escalating global demand for cement, a fundamental material in infrastructure development, has exacerbated environmental challenges, particularly through significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which account for approximately 8.3 % of global anthropogenic CO₂ output. This research explores the potential of spent garnet powder, a byproduct of abrasive water jet machining, as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to mitigate these impacts. The spent garnet powder, characterized by a high concentration of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), was subjected to rigorous analysis. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) confirmed its chemical suitability for pozzolanic applications, while laser particle size analysis revealed a finer granulometry relative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which is advantageous for enhancing pozzolanic reactivity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the angular and irregular morphology of the garnet particles, which is conducive to improved interfacial bonding within the cement matrix. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) identified active mineral phases that are critical for promoting pozzolanic reactions, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the material’s superior thermal stability, with minimal decomposition at elevated temperatures. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified strong silicon-oxygen (Si-O) and aluminum-oxygen (Al-O) bond structures, indicative of robust pozzolanic potential. The Strength Activity Index (SAI) and Frattini tests further substantiated the pozzolanic activity, revealing that a 10 % replacement of OPC with SGP not only enhances compressive strength but also meets the stringent requirements of ASTM C618. Additionally, the economic analysis underscores the cost-effectiveness of utilizing spent garnet powder, presenting a viable strategy for reducing both production costs and CO₂ emissions in the cement industry. This study conclusively positions spent garnet powder as a highly promising supplementary cementitious material, with significant implications for advancing sustainable construction practices and reducing the environmental footprint of cement production. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:49:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-42945 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:49:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-429452024-11-19T06:02:10Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/ Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material Nur Farah Aziera, Jamaludin Khairunisa, Muthusamy Mohd Faizal, Md Jaafar Zuraina, Ali Zaiton, Abdul Majid Ismail, Mohamed A. TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TH Building construction The escalating global demand for cement, a fundamental material in infrastructure development, has exacerbated environmental challenges, particularly through significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which account for approximately 8.3 % of global anthropogenic CO₂ output. This research explores the potential of spent garnet powder, a byproduct of abrasive water jet machining, as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to mitigate these impacts. The spent garnet powder, characterized by a high concentration of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), was subjected to rigorous analysis. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) confirmed its chemical suitability for pozzolanic applications, while laser particle size analysis revealed a finer granulometry relative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which is advantageous for enhancing pozzolanic reactivity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the angular and irregular morphology of the garnet particles, which is conducive to improved interfacial bonding within the cement matrix. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) identified active mineral phases that are critical for promoting pozzolanic reactions, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the material’s superior thermal stability, with minimal decomposition at elevated temperatures. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified strong silicon-oxygen (Si-O) and aluminum-oxygen (Al-O) bond structures, indicative of robust pozzolanic potential. The Strength Activity Index (SAI) and Frattini tests further substantiated the pozzolanic activity, revealing that a 10 % replacement of OPC with SGP not only enhances compressive strength but also meets the stringent requirements of ASTM C618. Additionally, the economic analysis underscores the cost-effectiveness of utilizing spent garnet powder, presenting a viable strategy for reducing both production costs and CO₂ emissions in the cement industry. This study conclusively positions spent garnet powder as a highly promising supplementary cementitious material, with significant implications for advancing sustainable construction practices and reducing the environmental footprint of cement production. Elsevier Ltd 2024-11-15 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/1/Preliminary%20investigation%20on%20spent%20garnet%20as%20a%20novel%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material_ABST.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/2/Preliminary%20investigation%20on%20spent%20garnet%20as%20a%20novel%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material.pdf Nur Farah Aziera, Jamaludin and Khairunisa, Muthusamy and Mohd Faizal, Md Jaafar and Zuraina, Ali and Zaiton, Abdul Majid and Ismail, Mohamed A. (2024) Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material. Construction and Building Materials, 451 (138789). pp. 1-16. ISSN 0950-0618. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138789 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138789 |
| spellingShingle | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TH Building construction Nur Farah Aziera, Jamaludin Khairunisa, Muthusamy Mohd Faizal, Md Jaafar Zuraina, Ali Zaiton, Abdul Majid Ismail, Mohamed A. Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| title | Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| title_full | Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| title_short | Preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| title_sort | preliminary investigation on spent garnet as a novel supplementary cementitious material |
| topic | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TH Building construction |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/1/Preliminary%20investigation%20on%20spent%20garnet%20as%20a%20novel%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material_ABST.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42945/2/Preliminary%20investigation%20on%20spent%20garnet%20as%20a%20novel%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material.pdf |