Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review
In the pursue of a carbon-free economy, the utilization of fuels with low or zero carbon footprint account for only 1% of global final energy demand, a share that is predicted to follow a dramatic growth to 20% by 2050. Ammonia (NH3) has become dominant in the international transportation and storag...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Elsevier Ltd
2023
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/1/Characteristics%20of%20NH3_H2%20blend%20as%20carbon-free%20fuels%20_A%20review.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/2/Characteristics%20of%20NH3_H2%20blend%20as%20carbon-free%20fuels_A%20review_abs.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848826732837076992 |
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| author | Awad, Omar I. Zhou, Bo Harrath, Karim Kadirgama, Kumaran |
| author_facet | Awad, Omar I. Zhou, Bo Harrath, Karim Kadirgama, Kumaran |
| author_sort | Awad, Omar I. |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In the pursue of a carbon-free economy, the utilization of fuels with low or zero carbon footprint account for only 1% of global final energy demand, a share that is predicted to follow a dramatic growth to 20% by 2050. Ammonia (NH3) has become dominant in the international transportation and storage of low-carbon alternative fuels. NH3 is regarded as an alternative fuel, as a carbon-free fuel, and renewable hydrogen (H2) carrier with high energy density, and its production and distribution infrastructure are well established. However, a current challenge is that NH3 has a lower burning velocity and a narrow flammability limit. Thus, the use of NH3 has numerous limitations in practical combustion applications. Blending NH3 with H2 is considered a solution that has been proposed to enhance NH3 combustion by improving ignition, flammability, and H2 safety issue. Using NH3 blended with H2 as a fuel in combustion systems is a practical approach to decarbonizing the energy sector. Thus, this review highlights the existing influential studies and ongoing research on NH3/H2 blended fuels. The review covers NH3 assists the safety behaviour of H2 use, in-situ NH3 dissociation, NH3 and H2 properties, NH3/H2 combustion characterization, techniques for low NOx NH3/H2 combustion, and challenges for NH3/H2 combustion. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided for further developing the utilization of NH3/H2 as blended fuel. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:49:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-42911 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:49:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-429112025-01-08T01:51:22Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/ Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review Awad, Omar I. Zhou, Bo Harrath, Karim Kadirgama, Kumaran TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics In the pursue of a carbon-free economy, the utilization of fuels with low or zero carbon footprint account for only 1% of global final energy demand, a share that is predicted to follow a dramatic growth to 20% by 2050. Ammonia (NH3) has become dominant in the international transportation and storage of low-carbon alternative fuels. NH3 is regarded as an alternative fuel, as a carbon-free fuel, and renewable hydrogen (H2) carrier with high energy density, and its production and distribution infrastructure are well established. However, a current challenge is that NH3 has a lower burning velocity and a narrow flammability limit. Thus, the use of NH3 has numerous limitations in practical combustion applications. Blending NH3 with H2 is considered a solution that has been proposed to enhance NH3 combustion by improving ignition, flammability, and H2 safety issue. Using NH3 blended with H2 as a fuel in combustion systems is a practical approach to decarbonizing the energy sector. Thus, this review highlights the existing influential studies and ongoing research on NH3/H2 blended fuels. The review covers NH3 assists the safety behaviour of H2 use, in-situ NH3 dissociation, NH3 and H2 properties, NH3/H2 combustion characterization, techniques for low NOx NH3/H2 combustion, and challenges for NH3/H2 combustion. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided for further developing the utilization of NH3/H2 as blended fuel. Elsevier Ltd 2023-12-12 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/1/Characteristics%20of%20NH3_H2%20blend%20as%20carbon-free%20fuels%20_A%20review.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/2/Characteristics%20of%20NH3_H2%20blend%20as%20carbon-free%20fuels_A%20review_abs.pdf Awad, Omar I. and Zhou, Bo and Harrath, Karim and Kadirgama, Kumaran (2023) Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48 (96). pp. 38077-38100. ISSN 0360-3199. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.096 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.096 |
| spellingShingle | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Awad, Omar I. Zhou, Bo Harrath, Karim Kadirgama, Kumaran Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review |
| title | Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review |
| title_full | Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review |
| title_short | Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review |
| title_sort | characteristics of nh3/h2 blend as carbon-free fuels: a review |
| topic | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/1/Characteristics%20of%20NH3_H2%20blend%20as%20carbon-free%20fuels%20_A%20review.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911/2/Characteristics%20of%20NH3_H2%20blend%20as%20carbon-free%20fuels_A%20review_abs.pdf |