A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking
The development of new technologies has made image watermarking crucial in the digital era to preserve and protect illegal distribution of images against unauthorized users. This paper presents a robust image watermarking technique that employs a set of embedding rules in the three-level of integer...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
2024
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| Online Access: | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42833/ http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1512-1520 |
| _version_ | 1848827308243156992 |
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| author | Muhammad Afnan, Hafidz Ferda, Ernawan Suraya, Abu Bakar Fakhreldin, Mohammad |
| author_facet | Muhammad Afnan, Hafidz Ferda, Ernawan Suraya, Abu Bakar Fakhreldin, Mohammad |
| author_sort | Muhammad Afnan, Hafidz |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The development of new technologies has made image watermarking crucial in the digital era to preserve and protect illegal distribution of images against unauthorized users. This paper presents a robust image watermarking technique that employs a set of embedding rules in the three-level of integer wavelet transform (IWT). The proposed method aims to achieve high robustness of image watermarking while maintaining the imperceptibility. The proposed scheme divides the red and green layers into non-overlapping 16×16 blocks. Three levels of IWT are applied to obtain 2×2 LL sub-band, four coefficients of IWT are then modified based on the proposed set of rules for embedding watermark. The experimental results demonstrate a comparison of the proposed embedding and the existing methods. The proposed scheme produced an average NC value of 0.965 against the median filter. The results also showed the imperceptibility of the the image with a PSNR of 45.1760 db and SSIM of 0.9995. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:49:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-42833 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:58:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-428332025-10-28T04:26:05Z https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42833/ A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking Muhammad Afnan, Hafidz Ferda, Ernawan Suraya, Abu Bakar Fakhreldin, Mohammad QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science The development of new technologies has made image watermarking crucial in the digital era to preserve and protect illegal distribution of images against unauthorized users. This paper presents a robust image watermarking technique that employs a set of embedding rules in the three-level of integer wavelet transform (IWT). The proposed method aims to achieve high robustness of image watermarking while maintaining the imperceptibility. The proposed scheme divides the red and green layers into non-overlapping 16×16 blocks. Three levels of IWT are applied to obtain 2×2 LL sub-band, four coefficients of IWT are then modified based on the proposed set of rules for embedding watermark. The experimental results demonstrate a comparison of the proposed embedding and the existing methods. The proposed scheme produced an average NC value of 0.965 against the median filter. The results also showed the imperceptibility of the the image with a PSNR of 45.1760 db and SSIM of 0.9995. Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science 2024-12 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_sa_4 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42833/1/39293-81861-1-PB.pdf Muhammad Afnan, Hafidz and Ferda, Ernawan and Suraya, Abu Bakar and Fakhreldin, Mohammad (2024) A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 36 (3). pp. 1512-1520. ISSN 2502-4752. (Published) http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1512-1520 http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1512-1520 http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1512-1520 |
| spellingShingle | QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science Muhammad Afnan, Hafidz Ferda, Ernawan Suraya, Abu Bakar Fakhreldin, Mohammad A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| title | A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| title_full | A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| title_fullStr | A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| title_full_unstemmed | A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| title_short | A set of embedding rules in IWT for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| title_sort | set of embedding rules in iwt for watermark embedding in image watermarking |
| topic | QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science |
| url | https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42833/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42833/ https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42833/ http://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i3.pp1512-1520 |