Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch
This research investigates the oxidative torrefaction of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as a renewable energy source. EFB samples from the LCSB palm oil mill were torrefied at 250°C with residence times (RT) of 10, 20, and 30 minutes and oxygen concentrations (OC) of 0, 5, 15, and 21%. Each experiment was...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Universiti Malaysia Pahang
2024
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/1/Investigating%20the%20Role%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Residence%20Time%20in%20the%20Torrefaction%20of%20Empty.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/7/Investigating%20the%20role%20of%20oxygen%20and%20residence%20time.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848826613221818368 |
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| author | Mohamad Khairul Aiman, Mohd Fauzi Hernaez, G. R. Ruwaida, Abdul Rasid |
| author_facet | Mohamad Khairul Aiman, Mohd Fauzi Hernaez, G. R. Ruwaida, Abdul Rasid |
| author_sort | Mohamad Khairul Aiman, Mohd Fauzi |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This research investigates the oxidative torrefaction of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as a renewable energy source. EFB samples from the LCSB palm oil mill were torrefied at 250°C with residence times (RT) of 10, 20, and 30 minutes and oxygen concentrations (OC) of 0, 5, 15, and 21%. Each experiment was repeated three times. Visual observations indicated that the EFB colour darkens with increasing RT, particularly at 5% OC, where torrefaction was found to be optimal. Higher OCs of 15% and 21% led to combustion but were ineffective due to insufficient incineration. Mass yield decreased with increasing RT due to moisture and volatile loss. The torrefaction severity index (TSI) showed a linear increase in the enhancement factor with increasing TSI, while energy yield decreased as the enhancement factor exceeded mass yield. The optimal condition for torrefaction was identified as 5% OC and 30 minutes RT, balancing energy efficiency and mass retention. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:47:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-42446 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:47:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-424462025-03-11T01:38:24Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/ Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch Mohamad Khairul Aiman, Mohd Fauzi Hernaez, G. R. Ruwaida, Abdul Rasid TP Chemical technology This research investigates the oxidative torrefaction of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as a renewable energy source. EFB samples from the LCSB palm oil mill were torrefied at 250°C with residence times (RT) of 10, 20, and 30 minutes and oxygen concentrations (OC) of 0, 5, 15, and 21%. Each experiment was repeated three times. Visual observations indicated that the EFB colour darkens with increasing RT, particularly at 5% OC, where torrefaction was found to be optimal. Higher OCs of 15% and 21% led to combustion but were ineffective due to insufficient incineration. Mass yield decreased with increasing RT due to moisture and volatile loss. The torrefaction severity index (TSI) showed a linear increase in the enhancement factor with increasing TSI, while energy yield decreased as the enhancement factor exceeded mass yield. The optimal condition for torrefaction was identified as 5% OC and 30 minutes RT, balancing energy efficiency and mass retention. Universiti Malaysia Pahang 2024-12-30 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/1/Investigating%20the%20Role%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Residence%20Time%20in%20the%20Torrefaction%20of%20Empty.pdf pdf en cc_by_nc_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/7/Investigating%20the%20role%20of%20oxygen%20and%20residence%20time.pdf Mohamad Khairul Aiman, Mohd Fauzi and Hernaez, G. R. and Ruwaida, Abdul Rasid (2024) Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (JCEIB), 10 (2). pp. 37-44. ISSN 0126-8139. (Published) https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v10i2.10901 https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v10i2.10901 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Mohamad Khairul Aiman, Mohd Fauzi Hernaez, G. R. Ruwaida, Abdul Rasid Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| title | Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| title_full | Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| title_short | Investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| title_sort | investigating the role of oxygen and residence time in the torrefaction of empty fruit bunch |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/1/Investigating%20the%20Role%20of%20Oxygen%20and%20Residence%20Time%20in%20the%20Torrefaction%20of%20Empty.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42446/7/Investigating%20the%20role%20of%20oxygen%20and%20residence%20time.pdf |