Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization
Similar to multi-frequency techniques in eddy current and magnetic flux leakage testings, the harmonic evaluation technique using a square wave excitation field improves the defect detection performance of conductive materials compared to single-frequency techniques. However, in the case of mild ste...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
2024
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/1/Defect%20evaluation%20in%20mild%20steel%20plate%20using%20harmonic%20ratio.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/2/Defect%20evaluation%20in%20mild%20steel%20plate%20using%20harmonic%20ratio%20induced%20by%20square%20wave%20excitation%20field%20and%20nonlinear%20magnetization_ABS.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848826528552452096 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohd Mawardi, Saari Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera, Zaini Mohd Herwan, Sulaiman Ahmad Salihin, Samsudin Kiwa, Toshihiko |
| author_facet | Mohd Mawardi, Saari Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera, Zaini Mohd Herwan, Sulaiman Ahmad Salihin, Samsudin Kiwa, Toshihiko |
| author_sort | Mohd Mawardi, Saari |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Similar to multi-frequency techniques in eddy current and magnetic flux leakage testings, the harmonic evaluation technique using a square wave excitation field improves the defect detection performance of conductive materials compared to single-frequency techniques. However, in the case of mild steel, its nonlinear frequency-dependant magnetization impacts the intensity and phase of the induced harmonics. In this work, we propose a harmonic ratio technique using a square wave excitation field to enhance defect detection in mild steel. A custom-made probe with a planar differential tunnel magnetoresistance sensor and inductor arrays was developed to assess the harmonic responses induced by artificial slits on a 12-mm mild steel. The harmonic dependency on the slit depth, excitation frequency, and intensity was evaluated. The results showed that the ratio of the two highest harmonics exhibited a correlation with slit depth, accompanied by a significant reduction in baseline signal drift as compared to the single-frequency detection mode. It was shown that the proposed harmonic ratio technique, leveraging a square wave excitation field, significantly enhances sensitivity and immunity to background signal drift, thereby improving defect detection capabilities in mild steel. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:46:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-42134 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:46:15Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-421342024-09-30T04:50:24Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/ Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization Mohd Mawardi, Saari Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera, Zaini Mohd Herwan, Sulaiman Ahmad Salihin, Samsudin Kiwa, Toshihiko HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Similar to multi-frequency techniques in eddy current and magnetic flux leakage testings, the harmonic evaluation technique using a square wave excitation field improves the defect detection performance of conductive materials compared to single-frequency techniques. However, in the case of mild steel, its nonlinear frequency-dependant magnetization impacts the intensity and phase of the induced harmonics. In this work, we propose a harmonic ratio technique using a square wave excitation field to enhance defect detection in mild steel. A custom-made probe with a planar differential tunnel magnetoresistance sensor and inductor arrays was developed to assess the harmonic responses induced by artificial slits on a 12-mm mild steel. The harmonic dependency on the slit depth, excitation frequency, and intensity was evaluated. The results showed that the ratio of the two highest harmonics exhibited a correlation with slit depth, accompanied by a significant reduction in baseline signal drift as compared to the single-frequency detection mode. It was shown that the proposed harmonic ratio technique, leveraging a square wave excitation field, significantly enhances sensitivity and immunity to background signal drift, thereby improving defect detection capabilities in mild steel. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2024 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/1/Defect%20evaluation%20in%20mild%20steel%20plate%20using%20harmonic%20ratio.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/2/Defect%20evaluation%20in%20mild%20steel%20plate%20using%20harmonic%20ratio%20induced%20by%20square%20wave%20excitation%20field%20and%20nonlinear%20magnetization_ABS.pdf Mohd Mawardi, Saari and Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera, Zaini and Mohd Herwan, Sulaiman and Ahmad Salihin, Samsudin and Kiwa, Toshihiko (2024) Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. pp. 1-5. ISSN 0018-9464. (In Press / Online First) (In Press / Online First) https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3420948 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2024.3420948 |
| spellingShingle | HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Mohd Mawardi, Saari Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera, Zaini Mohd Herwan, Sulaiman Ahmad Salihin, Samsudin Kiwa, Toshihiko Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| title | Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| title_full | Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| title_fullStr | Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| title_short | Defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| title_sort | defect evaluation in mild steel plate using harmonic ratio induced by square wave excitation field and nonlinear magnetization |
| topic | HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/1/Defect%20evaluation%20in%20mild%20steel%20plate%20using%20harmonic%20ratio.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42134/2/Defect%20evaluation%20in%20mild%20steel%20plate%20using%20harmonic%20ratio%20induced%20by%20square%20wave%20excitation%20field%20and%20nonlinear%20magnetization_ABS.pdf |