Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization
Carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal is one of the most studied co-crystals to date. It is proven to be polymorphic, consisting of Form I (plate-like shape) and Form II (needle-like shape), which is rarely reported by researchers. The present study aimed to study the effect of SAC:CBZ ratio...
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Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
2024
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/1/Impact%20of%20the%20SAC_CBZ%20ratio%20on%20polymorphic%20transformation.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/2/Impact%20of%20the%20SAC_CBZ%20ratio%20on%20polymorphic%20transformation%20and%20morphology%20of%20carbamazepine-saccharin%20co-crystals%20using%20fast%20cooling%20crystallization_ABS.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848826526973296640 |
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| author | Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Wei, Michelle Ho Siaw Engku Nuraishah Huda, Engku Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim |
| author_facet | Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Wei, Michelle Ho Siaw Engku Nuraishah Huda, Engku Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim |
| author_sort | Khairool Azizul, Mohammad |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal is one of the most studied co-crystals to date. It is proven to be polymorphic, consisting of Form I (plate-like shape) and Form II (needle-like shape), which is rarely reported by researchers. The present study aimed to study the effect of SAC:CBZ ratio on the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals using ice bath fast cooling crystallization. A series of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were produced from different SAC:CBZ mol ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1) and were compared in terms of their crystal form and morphology under microscope. The polymorphic changes were also studied from the CBZ-SAC suspension during co-crystallization process. The polymorphs of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were identified using PXRD, DSC, ATR-FTIR. The results showed that at lower ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), only plate-like shaped crystals (Form I) was present. For higher mol ratio (4:1, 5:1, 6:1), mixture of Form I and II of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were observed and further confirmed by DSC and ATR-FTIR. The nucleation process showed that Form II could convert to Form I when varying the SAC:CBZ ratio. Hence, it is proven that SAC:CBZ mol ratio can affect the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Nonetheless, other parameters should be used to further study the formation of CBZ-SAC co-crystals since pure CBZ-SAC Form II co-crystals were not obtained in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:46:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-42128 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:46:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media B.V. |
| recordtype | eprints |
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| spelling | ump-421282024-09-30T04:50:01Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/ Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Wei, Michelle Ho Siaw Engku Nuraishah Huda, Engku Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim QD Chemistry T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology Carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal is one of the most studied co-crystals to date. It is proven to be polymorphic, consisting of Form I (plate-like shape) and Form II (needle-like shape), which is rarely reported by researchers. The present study aimed to study the effect of SAC:CBZ ratio on the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals using ice bath fast cooling crystallization. A series of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were produced from different SAC:CBZ mol ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1) and were compared in terms of their crystal form and morphology under microscope. The polymorphic changes were also studied from the CBZ-SAC suspension during co-crystallization process. The polymorphs of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were identified using PXRD, DSC, ATR-FTIR. The results showed that at lower ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), only plate-like shaped crystals (Form I) was present. For higher mol ratio (4:1, 5:1, 6:1), mixture of Form I and II of CBZ-SAC co-crystals were observed and further confirmed by DSC and ATR-FTIR. The nucleation process showed that Form II could convert to Form I when varying the SAC:CBZ ratio. Hence, it is proven that SAC:CBZ mol ratio can affect the polymorphic transformation and morphology of CBZ-SAC co-crystals. Nonetheless, other parameters should be used to further study the formation of CBZ-SAC co-crystals since pure CBZ-SAC Form II co-crystals were not obtained in this study. Springer Science and Business Media B.V. 2024 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/1/Impact%20of%20the%20SAC_CBZ%20ratio%20on%20polymorphic%20transformation.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/2/Impact%20of%20the%20SAC_CBZ%20ratio%20on%20polymorphic%20transformation%20and%20morphology%20of%20carbamazepine-saccharin%20co-crystals%20using%20fast%20cooling%20crystallization_ABS.pdf Khairool Azizul, Mohammad and Wei, Michelle Ho Siaw and Engku Nuraishah Huda, Engku Zainudin and Syarifah, Abd Rahim (2024) Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. pp. 1-13. ISSN 1388-6150. (In Press / Online First) (In Press / Online First) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13379-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13379-y |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology Khairool Azizul, Mohammad Wei, Michelle Ho Siaw Engku Nuraishah Huda, Engku Zainudin Syarifah, Abd Rahim Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| title | Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| title_full | Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| title_fullStr | Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| title_short | Impact of the SAC : CBZ ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| title_sort | impact of the sac : cbz ratio on polymorphic transformation and morphology of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystals using fast cooling crystallization |
| topic | QD Chemistry T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/1/Impact%20of%20the%20SAC_CBZ%20ratio%20on%20polymorphic%20transformation.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42128/2/Impact%20of%20the%20SAC_CBZ%20ratio%20on%20polymorphic%20transformation%20and%20morphology%20of%20carbamazepine-saccharin%20co-crystals%20using%20fast%20cooling%20crystallization_ABS.pdf |