Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents
Investigating the effect of different solvents used for microalgae oil extraction on the determinations of kinetic values and thermodynamic parameters is a compelling novel approach for the current study. The primary concern of microalgae oil extraction is selecting a solvent system because it has a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Elsevier Ltd
2023
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/1/Kinetic%20and%20thermodynamic%20evaluations%20of%20oil%20extraction_ABST.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/2/Kinetic%20and%20thermodynamic%20evaluations%20of%20oil%20extraction.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848826391757324288 |
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| author | Ramesh, Nagaarasan Nur Hidayah, Mat Yasin |
| author_facet | Ramesh, Nagaarasan Nur Hidayah, Mat Yasin |
| author_sort | Ramesh, Nagaarasan |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Investigating the effect of different solvents used for microalgae oil extraction on the determinations of kinetic values and thermodynamic parameters is a compelling novel approach for the current study. The primary concern of microalgae oil extraction is selecting a solvent system because it has a massive influence on the extraction yield, composition, and oil quality. Three different solvent systems were inspected to determine the suitable solvent for the oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris: heptane, heptane:methanol, and heptane:ethanol. The research methodology begins with the immobilization of microalgae cells. The matured immobilized beads were then harvested, and dried biomass was recovered. The oil was extracted by solvent extraction method using the solvents mentioned. Finally, the extracted oil was trans-esterified and analyzed for fatty acid methyl ester profile. Based on the results calculated, heptane is determined to extract the most oil with 27.42 %, followed by H:M and H:E at the highest temperature and longest running time. When the polar solvent is mixed with a non-polar solvent, the mixture has the least kinetic value and immense activation energy. However, the activation energy for heptane is only 89.06 kJ/mol. Another essential objective of this research is to determine the effects of solvents on the thermodynamics parameters. The extraction process of microalgae oil using heptane alone is determined to have a ΔH value of 0.111 kJ/mol, followed by 0.201 and 0.102 kJ/mol for solvent system H:M and H:E respectively. All the values obtained are positive, thus making the extraction processes using various solvents to be endothermic. The positive values of ΔS and the negative values of ΔG indicated that the oil extraction using heptane is thermodynamically spontaneous and irreversible, thus making it economically feasible. The fatty acids methyl esters such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic were the prime constituents quantified in the oil extracted using heptane compared to other solvent systems. Therefore, with the larger and increasing kinetic values and lowest activation energy, it can be concluded that heptane is the most suitable solvent for the oil extraction of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris compared to other solvent systems employed in the current research work. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:44:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-41634 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
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| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:44:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
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| spelling | ump-416342024-06-20T06:57:04Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/ Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents Ramesh, Nagaarasan Nur Hidayah, Mat Yasin TP Chemical technology Investigating the effect of different solvents used for microalgae oil extraction on the determinations of kinetic values and thermodynamic parameters is a compelling novel approach for the current study. The primary concern of microalgae oil extraction is selecting a solvent system because it has a massive influence on the extraction yield, composition, and oil quality. Three different solvent systems were inspected to determine the suitable solvent for the oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris: heptane, heptane:methanol, and heptane:ethanol. The research methodology begins with the immobilization of microalgae cells. The matured immobilized beads were then harvested, and dried biomass was recovered. The oil was extracted by solvent extraction method using the solvents mentioned. Finally, the extracted oil was trans-esterified and analyzed for fatty acid methyl ester profile. Based on the results calculated, heptane is determined to extract the most oil with 27.42 %, followed by H:M and H:E at the highest temperature and longest running time. When the polar solvent is mixed with a non-polar solvent, the mixture has the least kinetic value and immense activation energy. However, the activation energy for heptane is only 89.06 kJ/mol. Another essential objective of this research is to determine the effects of solvents on the thermodynamics parameters. The extraction process of microalgae oil using heptane alone is determined to have a ΔH value of 0.111 kJ/mol, followed by 0.201 and 0.102 kJ/mol for solvent system H:M and H:E respectively. All the values obtained are positive, thus making the extraction processes using various solvents to be endothermic. The positive values of ΔS and the negative values of ΔG indicated that the oil extraction using heptane is thermodynamically spontaneous and irreversible, thus making it economically feasible. The fatty acids methyl esters such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic were the prime constituents quantified in the oil extracted using heptane compared to other solvent systems. Therefore, with the larger and increasing kinetic values and lowest activation energy, it can be concluded that heptane is the most suitable solvent for the oil extraction of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris compared to other solvent systems employed in the current research work. Elsevier Ltd 2023-05-16 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/1/Kinetic%20and%20thermodynamic%20evaluations%20of%20oil%20extraction_ABST.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/2/Kinetic%20and%20thermodynamic%20evaluations%20of%20oil%20extraction.pdf Ramesh, Nagaarasan and Nur Hidayah, Mat Yasin (2023) Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents. Materials Today: Proceedings. pp. 1-8. ISSN 2214-7853. (In Press / Online First) (In Press / Online First) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.664 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.664 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Ramesh, Nagaarasan Nur Hidayah, Mat Yasin Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| title | Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| title_full | Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| title_fullStr | Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| title_short | Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized Chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| title_sort | kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations of oil extraction from immobilized chlorella vulgaris using different solvents |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/1/Kinetic%20and%20thermodynamic%20evaluations%20of%20oil%20extraction_ABST.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41634/2/Kinetic%20and%20thermodynamic%20evaluations%20of%20oil%20extraction.pdf |