Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review
Benefits achieved by the biodegradable magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) implants could be suppressed due to the invasion of infectious microbial, common bacteria, and fungi. Postoperative medications and the antibacterial properties of pure Mg and Zn are insufficient against biofilm and antibiotic-resis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co.
2023
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/1/Antibacterial%20mechanism%20with%20consequent%20cytotoxicity%20of%20different%20reinforcements.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848825622480027648 |
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| author | Shahed, Chowdhury Ahmed Faiz, Ahmad Günister, Ebru Farhana, Mohd Foudzi Ali, Saad Malik, Khurshid Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun |
| author_facet | Shahed, Chowdhury Ahmed Faiz, Ahmad Günister, Ebru Farhana, Mohd Foudzi Ali, Saad Malik, Khurshid Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun |
| author_sort | Shahed, Chowdhury Ahmed |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Benefits achieved by the biodegradable magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) implants could be suppressed due to the invasion of infectious microbial, common bacteria, and fungi. Postoperative medications and the antibacterial properties of pure Mg and Zn are insufficient against biofilm and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bringing osteomyelitis, necrosis, and even death. This study evaluates the antibacterial performance of biodegradable Mg and Zn alloys of different reinforcements, including silver (Ag), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), and gallium (Ga). Copper ions (Cu2+) can eradicate biofilms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria by extracting electrons from the cellular structure. Silver ion (Ag+) kills bacteria by creating bonds with the thiol group. Gallium ion (Ga3+) inhibits ferric ion (Fe3+) absorption, leading to nutrient deficiency and bacterial death. Nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can penetrate bacteria cell walls directly, develop bonds with receptors, and damage nucleotides. Antibacterial action depends on the alkali nature of metal ions and their degradation rate, which often causes cytotoxicity in living cells. Therefore, this review emphasizes the insight into degradation rate, antibacterial mechanism, and their consequent cytotoxicity and observes the correlation between antibacterial performance and oxidation number of metal ions. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:31:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-38877 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:31:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-388772023-11-14T02:32:49Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/ Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review Shahed, Chowdhury Ahmed Faiz, Ahmad Günister, Ebru Farhana, Mohd Foudzi Ali, Saad Malik, Khurshid Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Benefits achieved by the biodegradable magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) implants could be suppressed due to the invasion of infectious microbial, common bacteria, and fungi. Postoperative medications and the antibacterial properties of pure Mg and Zn are insufficient against biofilm and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bringing osteomyelitis, necrosis, and even death. This study evaluates the antibacterial performance of biodegradable Mg and Zn alloys of different reinforcements, including silver (Ag), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), and gallium (Ga). Copper ions (Cu2+) can eradicate biofilms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria by extracting electrons from the cellular structure. Silver ion (Ag+) kills bacteria by creating bonds with the thiol group. Gallium ion (Ga3+) inhibits ferric ion (Fe3+) absorption, leading to nutrient deficiency and bacterial death. Nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can penetrate bacteria cell walls directly, develop bonds with receptors, and damage nucleotides. Antibacterial action depends on the alkali nature of metal ions and their degradation rate, which often causes cytotoxicity in living cells. Therefore, this review emphasizes the insight into degradation rate, antibacterial mechanism, and their consequent cytotoxicity and observes the correlation between antibacterial performance and oxidation number of metal ions. KeAi Communications Co. 2023 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/1/Antibacterial%20mechanism%20with%20consequent%20cytotoxicity%20of%20different%20reinforcements.pdf Shahed, Chowdhury Ahmed and Faiz, Ahmad and Günister, Ebru and Farhana, Mohd Foudzi and Ali, Saad and Malik, Khurshid and Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun (2023) Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys. pp. 1-21. ISSN 2213-9567. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2023.08.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2023.08.018 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Shahed, Chowdhury Ahmed Faiz, Ahmad Günister, Ebru Farhana, Mohd Foudzi Ali, Saad Malik, Khurshid Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review |
| title | Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review |
| title_full | Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review |
| title_short | Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : A review |
| title_sort | antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys : a review |
| topic | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38877/1/Antibacterial%20mechanism%20with%20consequent%20cytotoxicity%20of%20different%20reinforcements.pdf |