Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
Various laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters must be considered as they can independently affect the properties of end-product. However, many studies simply examine one or two LPBF process parameters. Laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer height are the four primary LPBF proc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
2023
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/1/Review%20on%20volumetric%20energy%20density_influence%20on%20morphology%20and%20mechanical.pdf |
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| author | Buhairi, Minhalina Ahmad Mohd Foudzi, Farhana Jamhari, Fathin Iliana Sulong, Abu Bakar Mohd Radzuan, Nabilah Afiqah Muhamad, Norhamidi Mohamed, Intan Fadhlina Azman, Abdul Hadi Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun M.S.H., Al-Furjan |
| author_facet | Buhairi, Minhalina Ahmad Mohd Foudzi, Farhana Jamhari, Fathin Iliana Sulong, Abu Bakar Mohd Radzuan, Nabilah Afiqah Muhamad, Norhamidi Mohamed, Intan Fadhlina Azman, Abdul Hadi Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun M.S.H., Al-Furjan |
| author_sort | Buhairi, Minhalina Ahmad |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Various laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters must be considered as they can independently affect the properties of end-product. However, many studies simply examine one or two LPBF process parameters. Laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer height are the four primary LPBF process parameters that contribute to volumetric energy density (VED) used in LPBF. VED is often used as an optimization metric for LPBF process parameters, because it takes all four major parameters into consideration. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of VED on the morphology and properties of part, and also discusses on the interrelationship between all four parameters. Common range used for each parameter is 70–400 W for laser power, 70–1800 mm/s for scan speed, 50–140 µm for scan spacing, and 20–50 µm for layer height. It can be seen as the VED increased, the microstructure of as-built titanium alloy Ti6Al4V components exhibited smaller α’ martensite size and larger columnar β grain. High VED can also reduce porosity and defect formation, which will help in increasing part density. The lowest surface roughness reported for LPBF Ti6Al4V is 4.91 µm. Meanwhile, the maximum microhardness obtained is 443 HV and the highest tensile strength achieved is 1400 MPa. The VED used for studies that obtained these results are in the range of 55–65 J/mm3. Thus, it can be concluded that the most suitable VED for LPBF printing of Ti6Al4V is around 55–65 J/mm3. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:29:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-38327 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:29:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-383272023-09-12T04:15:58Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/ Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion Buhairi, Minhalina Ahmad Mohd Foudzi, Farhana Jamhari, Fathin Iliana Sulong, Abu Bakar Mohd Radzuan, Nabilah Afiqah Muhamad, Norhamidi Mohamed, Intan Fadhlina Azman, Abdul Hadi Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun M.S.H., Al-Furjan T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Various laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters must be considered as they can independently affect the properties of end-product. However, many studies simply examine one or two LPBF process parameters. Laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer height are the four primary LPBF process parameters that contribute to volumetric energy density (VED) used in LPBF. VED is often used as an optimization metric for LPBF process parameters, because it takes all four major parameters into consideration. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of VED on the morphology and properties of part, and also discusses on the interrelationship between all four parameters. Common range used for each parameter is 70–400 W for laser power, 70–1800 mm/s for scan speed, 50–140 µm for scan spacing, and 20–50 µm for layer height. It can be seen as the VED increased, the microstructure of as-built titanium alloy Ti6Al4V components exhibited smaller α’ martensite size and larger columnar β grain. High VED can also reduce porosity and defect formation, which will help in increasing part density. The lowest surface roughness reported for LPBF Ti6Al4V is 4.91 µm. Meanwhile, the maximum microhardness obtained is 443 HV and the highest tensile strength achieved is 1400 MPa. The VED used for studies that obtained these results are in the range of 55–65 J/mm3. Thus, it can be concluded that the most suitable VED for LPBF printing of Ti6Al4V is around 55–65 J/mm3. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2023-04 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/1/Review%20on%20volumetric%20energy%20density_influence%20on%20morphology%20and%20mechanical.pdf Buhairi, Minhalina Ahmad and Mohd Foudzi, Farhana and Jamhari, Fathin Iliana and Sulong, Abu Bakar and Mohd Radzuan, Nabilah Afiqah and Muhamad, Norhamidi and Mohamed, Intan Fadhlina and Azman, Abdul Hadi and Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun and M.S.H., Al-Furjan (2023) Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 8 (2). pp. 265-283. ISSN 23639512. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-022-00328-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-022-00328-0 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Buhairi, Minhalina Ahmad Mohd Foudzi, Farhana Jamhari, Fathin Iliana Sulong, Abu Bakar Mohd Radzuan, Nabilah Afiqah Muhamad, Norhamidi Mohamed, Intan Fadhlina Azman, Abdul Hadi Wan Sharuzi, Wan Harun M.S.H., Al-Furjan Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| title | Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| title_full | Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| title_fullStr | Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| title_short | Review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| title_sort | review on volumetric energy density: inluence on morphology and mechanical properties of ti6al4v manufactured via laser powder bed fusion |
| topic | T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38327/1/Review%20on%20volumetric%20energy%20density_influence%20on%20morphology%20and%20mechanical.pdf |