Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement
Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and consid‐ ered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concre...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
2022
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/1/Geopolymer%20Ceramic%20Application.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848824798090625024 |
|---|---|
| author | Nurul Aida, Mohd Mortar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Abdullah Rafiza, Abd Razak Shayfull Zamree, Abd Rahim Ikmal Hakem, Aziz Nabiałek, Marcin Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Semenescu, Augustin Rosnita, Mohamed Mohd Fathullah, . |
| author_facet | Nurul Aida, Mohd Mortar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Abdullah Rafiza, Abd Razak Shayfull Zamree, Abd Rahim Ikmal Hakem, Aziz Nabiałek, Marcin Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Semenescu, Augustin Rosnita, Mohamed Mohd Fathullah, . |
| author_sort | Nurul Aida, Mohd Mortar |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and consid‐
ered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention
has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green
cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings
on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are re‐
viewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications,
including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties
that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers
can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those
made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical com‐
position should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A com‐
prehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:18:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-35516 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:18:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-355162022-11-03T03:39:23Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/ Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement Nurul Aida, Mohd Mortar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Abdullah Rafiza, Abd Razak Shayfull Zamree, Abd Rahim Ikmal Hakem, Aziz Nabiałek, Marcin Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Semenescu, Augustin Rosnita, Mohamed Mohd Fathullah, . TH Building construction Geopolymers have been intensively explored over the past several decades and consid‐ ered as green materials and may be synthesised from natural sources and wastes. Global attention has been generated by the use of kaolin and calcined kaolin in the production of ceramics, green cement, and concrete for the construction industry and composite materials. The previous findings on ceramic geopolymer mix design and factors affecting their suitability as green ceramics are re‐ viewed. It has been found that kaolin offers significant benefit for ceramic geopolymer applications, including excellent chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and good thermal properties that allow it to sinter at a low temperature, 200 °C. The review showed that ceramic geopolymers can be made from kaolin with a low calcination temperature that have similar properties to those made from high calcined temperature. However, the choice of alkali activator and chemical com‐ position should be carefully investigated, especially under normal curing conditions, 27 °C. A com‐ prehensive review of the properties of kaolin ceramic geopolymers is also presented, including compressive strength, chemical composition, morphological, and phase analysis. This review also highlights recent findings on the range of sintering temperature in the ceramic geopolymer field which should be performed between 600 °C and 1200 °C. A brief understanding of kaolin geopolymers with a few types of reinforcement towards property enhancement were covered. To improve toughness, the role of zirconia was highlighted. The addition of zirconia between 10% and 40% in geopolymer materials promises better properties and the mechanism reaction is presented. Findings from the review should be used to identify potential strategies that could develop the performance of the kaolin ceramic geopolymers industry in the electronics industry, cement, and biomedical materials. MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland 2022 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/1/Geopolymer%20Ceramic%20Application.pdf Nurul Aida, Mohd Mortar and Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Abdullah and Rafiza, Abd Razak and Shayfull Zamree, Abd Rahim and Ikmal Hakem, Aziz and Nabiałek, Marcin and Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah and Semenescu, Augustin and Rosnita, Mohamed and Mohd Fathullah, . (2022) Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement. Materials, 15 (21). pp. 1-28. ISSN 1996-1944. (Published) https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217567 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217567 |
| spellingShingle | TH Building construction Nurul Aida, Mohd Mortar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Abdullah Rafiza, Abd Razak Shayfull Zamree, Abd Rahim Ikmal Hakem, Aziz Nabiałek, Marcin Putra Jaya, Ramadhansyah Semenescu, Augustin Rosnita, Mohamed Mohd Fathullah, . Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
| title | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
| title_full | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
| title_fullStr | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
| title_short | Geopolymer Ceramic Application: A Review on Mix Design, Properties and Reinforcement Enhancement |
| title_sort | geopolymer ceramic application: a review on mix design, properties and reinforcement enhancement |
| topic | TH Building construction |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35516/1/Geopolymer%20Ceramic%20Application.pdf |