A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions
Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-ra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/1/A%20Survey%20on%20LoRaWAN%20Technology.pdf |
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| author | Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M. Jabbar, Waheb A. Noorazliza, Sulaiman Abdulmalek, Suliman |
| author_facet | Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M. Jabbar, Waheb A. Noorazliza, Sulaiman Abdulmalek, Suliman |
| author_sort | Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M. |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. This paper presents a comparative review of five selected driving LPWAN technologies, including NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu (RPMA), and LoRa/LoRaWAN. The comparison shows that LoRa/LoRaWAN and SigFox surpass other technologies in terms of device lifetime, network capacity, adaptive data rate, and cost. In contrast, NB-IoT technology excels in latency and quality of service. Furthermore, we present a technical overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its main features, opportunities, and open issues. We also compare the most important simulation tools for investigating and analyzing LoRa/LoRaWAN network performance that has been developed recently. Then, we introduce a comparative evaluation of LoRa simulators to highlight their features. Furthermore, we classify the recent efforts to improve LoRa/LoRaWAN performance in terms of energy consumption, pure data extraction rate, network scalability, network coverage, quality of service, and security. Finally, although we focus more on LoRa/LoRaWAN issues and solutions, we introduce guidance and directions for future research on LPWAN technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:16:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-34877 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:16:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-348772022-08-10T05:10:35Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/ A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M. Jabbar, Waheb A. Noorazliza, Sulaiman Abdulmalek, Suliman TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. This paper presents a comparative review of five selected driving LPWAN technologies, including NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu (RPMA), and LoRa/LoRaWAN. The comparison shows that LoRa/LoRaWAN and SigFox surpass other technologies in terms of device lifetime, network capacity, adaptive data rate, and cost. In contrast, NB-IoT technology excels in latency and quality of service. Furthermore, we present a technical overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its main features, opportunities, and open issues. We also compare the most important simulation tools for investigating and analyzing LoRa/LoRaWAN network performance that has been developed recently. Then, we introduce a comparative evaluation of LoRa simulators to highlight their features. Furthermore, we classify the recent efforts to improve LoRa/LoRaWAN performance in terms of energy consumption, pure data extraction rate, network scalability, network coverage, quality of service, and security. Finally, although we focus more on LoRa/LoRaWAN issues and solutions, we introduce guidance and directions for future research on LPWAN technologies. MDPI 2022 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/1/A%20Survey%20on%20LoRaWAN%20Technology.pdf Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M. and Jabbar, Waheb A. and Noorazliza, Sulaiman and Abdulmalek, Suliman (2022) A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions. Electronics, 11 (1). pp. 1-32. ISSN 2079-9292. (Published) https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010164 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010164 |
| spellingShingle | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M. Jabbar, Waheb A. Noorazliza, Sulaiman Abdulmalek, Suliman A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions |
| title | A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions |
| title_full | A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions |
| title_short | A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions |
| title_sort | survey on lorawan technology: recent trends, opportunities, simulation tools and future directions |
| topic | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34877/1/A%20Survey%20on%20LoRaWAN%20Technology.pdf |