A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with distinctive shape-morphology, enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocomposites through melt compounding at elevated temperatures. This study shows a mixed acid hydrolysis method to produ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co.
2022
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/1/A%20mixed%20acid%20methodology%20to%20produce%20thermally%20stable%20cellulose%20nanocrystal.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848824564645101568 |
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| author | Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Hosseinmardi, Alireza Martin, Darren J. Annamalai, Pratheep K. |
| author_facet | Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Hosseinmardi, Alireza Martin, Darren J. Annamalai, Pratheep K. |
| author_sort | Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with distinctive shape-morphology, enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocomposites through melt compounding at elevated temperatures. This study shows a mixed acid hydrolysis method to produce CNC with improved thermal stability and high productivity. The use of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), as a mild acid, in combination with a strong acid either sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) leads to reduced use of strong acids and low impact on our environment. The influences of acid combination and sequence of addition on the production yield were investigated by retaining the proportion of H3PO4 to corrosive acid (H2SO4 and HCl) 4 to 1, and solid to liquid ratio 1꞉75. This methodology has enabled to isolate CNC with higher thermal stability, dispersibility and productivity in terms of amount acid used 1 g of CNC, as compared with single acid hydrolysis. The CNC produced using the combination of H3PO4 and HCl exhibits high thermal stability, dispersibility and rod-like shape morphology with length and width of (424 ± 86) and (22 ± 3) nm, respectively. Moreover, this approach has reduced H3PO4 consumption by 54% as compared with single acid hydrolysis method for the production of same amount of CNC. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:15:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-34653 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:15:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-346532022-11-10T01:29:34Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Hosseinmardi, Alireza Martin, Darren J. Annamalai, Pratheep K. QD Chemistry T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) with distinctive shape-morphology, enhanced thermal stability and dispersibility is essential for overcoming the challenges in processing polymer/CNC nanocomposites through melt compounding at elevated temperatures. This study shows a mixed acid hydrolysis method to produce CNC with improved thermal stability and high productivity. The use of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), as a mild acid, in combination with a strong acid either sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) leads to reduced use of strong acids and low impact on our environment. The influences of acid combination and sequence of addition on the production yield were investigated by retaining the proportion of H3PO4 to corrosive acid (H2SO4 and HCl) 4 to 1, and solid to liquid ratio 1꞉75. This methodology has enabled to isolate CNC with higher thermal stability, dispersibility and productivity in terms of amount acid used 1 g of CNC, as compared with single acid hydrolysis. The CNC produced using the combination of H3PO4 and HCl exhibits high thermal stability, dispersibility and rod-like shape morphology with length and width of (424 ± 86) and (22 ± 3) nm, respectively. Moreover, this approach has reduced H3PO4 consumption by 54% as compared with single acid hydrolysis method for the production of same amount of CNC. KeAi Communications Co. 2022-05 Article PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/1/A%20mixed%20acid%20methodology%20to%20produce%20thermally%20stable%20cellulose%20nanocrystal.pdf Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin and Hosseinmardi, Alireza and Martin, Darren J. and Annamalai, Pratheep K. (2022) A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 7 (2). pp. 99-108. ISSN 2369-9698. (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2021.12.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2021.12.002 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Hosseinmardi, Alireza Martin, Darren J. Annamalai, Pratheep K. A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| title | A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| title_full | A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| title_fullStr | A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| title_short | A mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| title_sort | mixed acid methodology to produce thermally stable cellulose nanocrystal at high yield using phosphoric acid |
| topic | QD Chemistry T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34653/1/A%20mixed%20acid%20methodology%20to%20produce%20thermally%20stable%20cellulose%20nanocrystal.pdf |