Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio
Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels could be combusted for energy and electricity to human kind. The demand of fossil fuel energy had reached an exponential growth which caused disasters and catastrophic damages on the environment; thus, renewable resources should be implemented to protect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Malaysia Pahang
2021
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/1/Preliminary%20study%20on%20pelletization%20of%20oil%20palm%20empty%20fruit%20bunches.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848824165738479616 |
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| author | Teo, K. Y. Suriati, Ghazali Syarifah, Abd Rahim |
| author_facet | Teo, K. Y. Suriati, Ghazali Syarifah, Abd Rahim |
| author_sort | Teo, K. Y. |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels could be combusted for energy and electricity to human kind. The demand of fossil fuel energy had reached an exponential growth which caused disasters and catastrophic damages on the environment; thus, renewable resources should be implemented to protect the environment. One of the natural resources was biomass waste. In this study, spent activated carbon (AC) was co-pelletized with biomass waste, oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The effect of EFB, AC and adhesive (tapioca) mixing ratio in the pellet was evaluate through physical and thermal properties. The raw materials were grinded and mixed together at different AC/EFB/tapioca ratio. The mixed raw materials were compressed at 130°C and 7 MPa for 10 minutes. The densified products were characterized by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). For the thermal characteristics, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% starch had the highest mass loss rate (570 µg/min) followed by sample with 10% of waste AC, 60% of EFB and 30% of starch which was 420 µg/min. Besides, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% had the highest burn out temperature (802.6 °C) followed by sample with 30% of waste AC, 60% of EFB and 10% of starch which was 792.85 °C. In conclusion, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% starch had an easiest ignition and longest combustion period since it had the highest mass loss rate and burn out temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:08:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-33062 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:08:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-330622022-01-05T02:59:37Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/ Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio Teo, K. Y. Suriati, Ghazali Syarifah, Abd Rahim TP Chemical technology Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels could be combusted for energy and electricity to human kind. The demand of fossil fuel energy had reached an exponential growth which caused disasters and catastrophic damages on the environment; thus, renewable resources should be implemented to protect the environment. One of the natural resources was biomass waste. In this study, spent activated carbon (AC) was co-pelletized with biomass waste, oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The effect of EFB, AC and adhesive (tapioca) mixing ratio in the pellet was evaluate through physical and thermal properties. The raw materials were grinded and mixed together at different AC/EFB/tapioca ratio. The mixed raw materials were compressed at 130°C and 7 MPa for 10 minutes. The densified products were characterized by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). For the thermal characteristics, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% starch had the highest mass loss rate (570 µg/min) followed by sample with 10% of waste AC, 60% of EFB and 30% of starch which was 420 µg/min. Besides, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% had the highest burn out temperature (802.6 °C) followed by sample with 30% of waste AC, 60% of EFB and 10% of starch which was 792.85 °C. In conclusion, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% starch had an easiest ignition and longest combustion period since it had the highest mass loss rate and burn out temperature. Universiti Malaysia Pahang 2021-04-29 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/1/Preliminary%20study%20on%20pelletization%20of%20oil%20palm%20empty%20fruit%20bunches.pdf Teo, K. Y. and Suriati, Ghazali and Syarifah, Abd Rahim (2021) Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (JCEIB), 7 (1). pp. 37-41. ISSN 0126-8139. (Published) https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i1.6278 https://doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i1.6278 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Teo, K. Y. Suriati, Ghazali Syarifah, Abd Rahim Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| title | Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| title_full | Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| title_short | Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| title_sort | preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (efb)/spent activated carbon (ac): effect of mixing and adhesive ratio |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/33062/1/Preliminary%20study%20on%20pelletization%20of%20oil%20palm%20empty%20fruit%20bunches.pdf |