Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes
Development of polyurethane foam (PUF) containing bio-based components is a complex process that requires extensive studies. This work reports on the production of rigid PUFs from polyol obtained via liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass with different isocyanate (NCO) indexes. Th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/1/Production%20of%20rigid%20polyurethane%20foams%20using%20polyol.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848823978401988608 |
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| author | Umar Adli, Amran Kushairi, Mohd Salleh Sarani, Zakaria Rasidi, Roslan Chin, Hua Chia Sharifah Nabihah, Syed Jaafar Mohd Shaiful, Sajab Marhaini, Mostapha |
| author_facet | Umar Adli, Amran Kushairi, Mohd Salleh Sarani, Zakaria Rasidi, Roslan Chin, Hua Chia Sharifah Nabihah, Syed Jaafar Mohd Shaiful, Sajab Marhaini, Mostapha |
| author_sort | Umar Adli, Amran |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Development of polyurethane foam (PUF) containing bio-based components is a complex process that requires extensive studies. This work reports on the production of rigid PUFs from polyol obtained via liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass with different isocyanate (NCO) indexes. The effect of the NCO index on the physical, chemical and compressive properties of the liquefied EFB-based PUF (EFBPUF) was evaluated. The EFBPUFs showed a unique set of properties at each NCO index. Foaming properties had affected the apparent density and cellular morphology of the EFBPUFs. Increasing NCO index had increased the crosslink density and dimensional stability of the EFBPUFs via formation of isocyanurates, which had also increased their thermal stability. Combination of both foaming properties and crosslink density of the EFBPUFs had influenced their respective compressive properties. The EFBPUF produced at the NCO index of 120 showed the optimum compressive strength and released the least toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas under thermal degradation. The normalized compressive strength of the EFBPUF at the NCO index of 120 is also comparable with the strength of the PUF produced using petrochemical polyol. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:05:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-32262 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:05:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-322622022-01-10T00:56:52Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/ Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes Umar Adli, Amran Kushairi, Mohd Salleh Sarani, Zakaria Rasidi, Roslan Chin, Hua Chia Sharifah Nabihah, Syed Jaafar Mohd Shaiful, Sajab Marhaini, Mostapha QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology Development of polyurethane foam (PUF) containing bio-based components is a complex process that requires extensive studies. This work reports on the production of rigid PUFs from polyol obtained via liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass with different isocyanate (NCO) indexes. The effect of the NCO index on the physical, chemical and compressive properties of the liquefied EFB-based PUF (EFBPUF) was evaluated. The EFBPUFs showed a unique set of properties at each NCO index. Foaming properties had affected the apparent density and cellular morphology of the EFBPUFs. Increasing NCO index had increased the crosslink density and dimensional stability of the EFBPUFs via formation of isocyanurates, which had also increased their thermal stability. Combination of both foaming properties and crosslink density of the EFBPUFs had influenced their respective compressive properties. The EFBPUF produced at the NCO index of 120 showed the optimum compressive strength and released the least toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas under thermal degradation. The normalized compressive strength of the EFBPUF at the NCO index of 120 is also comparable with the strength of the PUF produced using petrochemical polyol. MDPI 2021-09 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/1/Production%20of%20rigid%20polyurethane%20foams%20using%20polyol.pdf Umar Adli, Amran and Kushairi, Mohd Salleh and Sarani, Zakaria and Rasidi, Roslan and Chin, Hua Chia and Sharifah Nabihah, Syed Jaafar and Mohd Shaiful, Sajab and Marhaini, Mostapha (2021) Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes. Polymers, 13 (18). pp. 1-20. ISSN 2073-4360. (Published) https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183072 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183072 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology Umar Adli, Amran Kushairi, Mohd Salleh Sarani, Zakaria Rasidi, Roslan Chin, Hua Chia Sharifah Nabihah, Syed Jaafar Mohd Shaiful, Sajab Marhaini, Mostapha Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes |
| title | Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes |
| title_full | Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes |
| title_fullStr | Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes |
| title_short | Production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: Variation of isocyanate indexes |
| title_sort | production of rigid polyurethane foams using polyol from liquefied oil palm biomass: variation of isocyanate indexes |
| topic | QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/32262/1/Production%20of%20rigid%20polyurethane%20foams%20using%20polyol.pdf |