Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste
Phytosterol from cocoa shell can be reused in food industries in order to add value of the agricultural waste. Its extraction from the cocoa shell using ethanol can be assisted by using microwave for effective heating. This study was carried out to delineate the effect of temperature, power and radi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/1/Microwave-assisted%20extraction%20of%20%CE%B2-sitosterol%20from%20cocoa%20shell%20waste.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848823643823407104 |
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| author | N. H., Ibrahim Mohd Sabri, Mahmud Said, Nurdin |
| author_facet | N. H., Ibrahim Mohd Sabri, Mahmud Said, Nurdin |
| author_sort | N. H., Ibrahim |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Phytosterol from cocoa shell can be reused in food industries in order to add value of the agricultural waste. Its extraction from the cocoa shell using ethanol can be assisted by using microwave for effective heating. This study was carried out to delineate the effect of temperature, power and radiation time of the microwave onto the extraction of β-sitosterol, as the key phytosterol, from the cocoa shell of Theobroma cacao L. species using absolute ethanol. Salkowski test, IR spectra and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of β-sitosterol and a flame-ionization-detector gas chromatography was employed to measure its concentration. Based on the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, the maximum yield was obtained 13% higher than the yield of conventional maceration, i.e. 3546.1 mg/100g, at the optimum values of 70°C, 500 W and 10 min. Solubility and boiling point of ethanol onto extraction at various extraction temperatures probably caused the differences. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:00:24Z |
| format | Conference or Workshop Item |
| id | ump-30947 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T03:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-309472021-07-23T08:19:17Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/ Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste N. H., Ibrahim Mohd Sabri, Mahmud Said, Nurdin TP Chemical technology Phytosterol from cocoa shell can be reused in food industries in order to add value of the agricultural waste. Its extraction from the cocoa shell using ethanol can be assisted by using microwave for effective heating. This study was carried out to delineate the effect of temperature, power and radiation time of the microwave onto the extraction of β-sitosterol, as the key phytosterol, from the cocoa shell of Theobroma cacao L. species using absolute ethanol. Salkowski test, IR spectra and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of β-sitosterol and a flame-ionization-detector gas chromatography was employed to measure its concentration. Based on the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, the maximum yield was obtained 13% higher than the yield of conventional maceration, i.e. 3546.1 mg/100g, at the optimum values of 70°C, 500 W and 10 min. Solubility and boiling point of ethanol onto extraction at various extraction temperatures probably caused the differences. IOP Publishing 2020-12-22 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed pdf en cc_by http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/1/Microwave-assisted%20extraction%20of%20%CE%B2-sitosterol%20from%20cocoa%20shell%20waste.pdf N. H., Ibrahim and Mohd Sabri, Mahmud and Said, Nurdin (2020) Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 5th International Conference of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, ICCEIB 2020 , 9 - 11 August 2020 , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 1-13., 991 (1). ISSN 1757-8981 (Print), 1757-899X (Online) (Published) https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/991/1/012106 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology N. H., Ibrahim Mohd Sabri, Mahmud Said, Nurdin Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| title | Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| title_full | Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| title_fullStr | Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| title_short | Microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| title_sort | microwave-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol from cocoa shell waste |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30947/1/Microwave-assisted%20extraction%20of%20%CE%B2-sitosterol%20from%20cocoa%20shell%20waste.pdf |