Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film
Hard capsule has received high demands not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in food, cosmetics, and personal care applications. Current hard capsule made from gelatin has contributed to the rise of allergy and halal issues. Thus, many researches were looking for alternatives to produce h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
2020
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/1/Characterization%20and%20property%20investigation%20of%20microcrystalline.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848823392042483712 |
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| author | Mohd Aiman, Hamdan Nur Amalina, Ramli Nor Amira, Othman Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Fatmawati, Adam |
| author_facet | Mohd Aiman, Hamdan Nur Amalina, Ramli Nor Amira, Othman Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Fatmawati, Adam |
| author_sort | Mohd Aiman, Hamdan |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Hard capsule has received high demands not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in food, cosmetics, and personal care applications. Current hard capsule made from gelatin has contributed to the rise of allergy and halal issues. Thus, many researches were looking for alternatives to produce hard capsule from natural and renewable sources such as carrageenan. In this study, carrageenan was incorporated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to toughen the carrageenan based biocomposite film and hard capsule. The cellulose filler used was expected to increase the tensile strength and viscosity properties of the carrageenan matrix due to the development of strong hydrogen bonding between the carrageenan and filler. The crystallinity and functional group properties of CMC and MCC were identified via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis. Then, the hard capsule was prepared by incorporating carrageenan with isovanillin, PEG, alginic acid at different cellulose filler concentrations. The formulation solution was cast for biocomposite film development and dipped for hard capsule development. The tensile strength of the film was analyzed to study the effect of the cellulose filler on the film produced. Crystallinity result shows that CMC is an amorphous while MCC is a crystal, thus CMC has excellent solubility in water compared to MCC. Moreover, film and hard capsule mechanical properties demonstrated that Carra-CMC has the highest tensile strength in comparison to Carra-MCC. Incorporation of CMC in carrageenan biocomposite film shows a significant increment of viscosity up to 50% and the tensile strength up to 37%. The presence of main three functional groups in CMC structure increased the molecular interaction in the carrageenan biocomposite thus improve the film properties. It is predicted that a higher concentration of CMC is required to produce a more stable Carra-CMC biocomposite film and hard capsule. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T02:56:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-29905 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T02:56:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-299052021-01-18T06:39:51Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/ Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film Mohd Aiman, Hamdan Nur Amalina, Ramli Nor Amira, Othman Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Fatmawati, Adam TP Chemical technology Hard capsule has received high demands not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in food, cosmetics, and personal care applications. Current hard capsule made from gelatin has contributed to the rise of allergy and halal issues. Thus, many researches were looking for alternatives to produce hard capsule from natural and renewable sources such as carrageenan. In this study, carrageenan was incorporated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to toughen the carrageenan based biocomposite film and hard capsule. The cellulose filler used was expected to increase the tensile strength and viscosity properties of the carrageenan matrix due to the development of strong hydrogen bonding between the carrageenan and filler. The crystallinity and functional group properties of CMC and MCC were identified via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis. Then, the hard capsule was prepared by incorporating carrageenan with isovanillin, PEG, alginic acid at different cellulose filler concentrations. The formulation solution was cast for biocomposite film development and dipped for hard capsule development. The tensile strength of the film was analyzed to study the effect of the cellulose filler on the film produced. Crystallinity result shows that CMC is an amorphous while MCC is a crystal, thus CMC has excellent solubility in water compared to MCC. Moreover, film and hard capsule mechanical properties demonstrated that Carra-CMC has the highest tensile strength in comparison to Carra-MCC. Incorporation of CMC in carrageenan biocomposite film shows a significant increment of viscosity up to 50% and the tensile strength up to 37%. The presence of main three functional groups in CMC structure increased the molecular interaction in the carrageenan biocomposite thus improve the film properties. It is predicted that a higher concentration of CMC is required to produce a more stable Carra-CMC biocomposite film and hard capsule. Elsevier Ltd 2020 Article PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/1/Characterization%20and%20property%20investigation%20of%20microcrystalline.pdf Mohd Aiman, Hamdan and Nur Amalina, Ramli and Nor Amira, Othman and Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin and Fatmawati, Adam (2020) Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film. Materials Today: Proceedings. pp. 1-7. ISSN 2214-7853. (In Press / Online First) (In Press / Online First) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.304 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.304 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Mohd Aiman, Hamdan Nur Amalina, Ramli Nor Amira, Othman Khairatun Najwa, Mohd Amin Fatmawati, Adam Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| title | Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| title_full | Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| title_short | Characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| title_sort | characterization and property investigation of microcrystalline cellulose (mcc) and carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) filler on the carrageenan-based biocomposite film |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/29905/1/Characterization%20and%20property%20investigation%20of%20microcrystalline.pdf |