Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES)
Castor oil as non-edible vegetable feedstock has high viscosity, which is found and distributed widely around the earth, has been becoming interesting issues for its conversion to trimethylpropane (TMP)-ester. The eco-conversion of castor oil was conducted in a bath stirrer flask via two-steps catal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
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2018
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/23707/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/23707/1/Eco-Conversion%20of%20castor%20oil%20to%20Trimethylolpropane%20ester%20using%20non-and%20impregnated%20chicken%20egg%20shells%20%28N-ICES%29.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848821870505230336 |
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| author | Said, N. M. V., Sivaguru N., Ibrahim Zulkafli, Hassan Mohd Bijarimi, Mat Piah Misebah, Fatimah A. |
| author_facet | Said, N. M. V., Sivaguru N., Ibrahim Zulkafli, Hassan Mohd Bijarimi, Mat Piah Misebah, Fatimah A. |
| author_sort | Said, N. |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Castor oil as non-edible vegetable feedstock has high viscosity, which is found and distributed widely around the earth, has been becoming interesting issues for its conversion to trimethylpropane (TMP)-ester. The eco-conversion of castor oil was conducted in a bath stirrer flask via two-steps catalytic transesterification. Reactions of castor oil methyl ester (COME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) were run under non- and impregnated eggshell (N-ICES) catalysts. Effects of catalyst loading, ratio of COME and TMP, reaction time and temperature were also observed. The highest TMP-ester conversion (98.90%) with triester composition (71.4%) was found by the COME and TMP ratio of 1:4, time of 3 h, temperature of 110°C and catalyst loading of 3 wt/wt%. Physico-chemical properties of resulted TMP-ester, mainly density of 924.70 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 65.77 mm2/s are commensurable with another renewable sources, catalysts and proposed lubricant standards. The impregnated chicken egg shell confers marvellous results compared non-impregnated shells performance, and the recyclable boths catalysts can be visualized for destiny lucrative engine oil. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T02:32:13Z |
| format | Conference or Workshop Item |
| id | ump-23707 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T02:32:13Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-237072019-01-09T08:45:08Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/23707/ Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) Said, N. M. V., Sivaguru N., Ibrahim Zulkafli, Hassan Mohd Bijarimi, Mat Piah Misebah, Fatimah A. TP Chemical technology Castor oil as non-edible vegetable feedstock has high viscosity, which is found and distributed widely around the earth, has been becoming interesting issues for its conversion to trimethylpropane (TMP)-ester. The eco-conversion of castor oil was conducted in a bath stirrer flask via two-steps catalytic transesterification. Reactions of castor oil methyl ester (COME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) were run under non- and impregnated eggshell (N-ICES) catalysts. Effects of catalyst loading, ratio of COME and TMP, reaction time and temperature were also observed. The highest TMP-ester conversion (98.90%) with triester composition (71.4%) was found by the COME and TMP ratio of 1:4, time of 3 h, temperature of 110°C and catalyst loading of 3 wt/wt%. Physico-chemical properties of resulted TMP-ester, mainly density of 924.70 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 65.77 mm2/s are commensurable with another renewable sources, catalysts and proposed lubricant standards. The impregnated chicken egg shell confers marvellous results compared non-impregnated shells performance, and the recyclable boths catalysts can be visualized for destiny lucrative engine oil. 2018 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/23707/1/Eco-Conversion%20of%20castor%20oil%20to%20Trimethylolpropane%20ester%20using%20non-and%20impregnated%20chicken%20egg%20shells%20%28N-ICES%29.pdf Said, N. and M. V., Sivaguru and N., Ibrahim and Zulkafli, Hassan and Mohd Bijarimi, Mat Piah and Misebah, Fatimah A. (2018) Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES). In: 4th International Conference Of Chemical Engineering And Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB 2018) , 1-2 Aug 2018 , Seri Pacific Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. pp. 554-556.. (Published) |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Said, N. M. V., Sivaguru N., Ibrahim Zulkafli, Hassan Mohd Bijarimi, Mat Piah Misebah, Fatimah A. Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) |
| title | Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) |
| title_full | Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) |
| title_fullStr | Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) |
| title_short | Eco-Conversion of castor oil to Trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (N-ICES) |
| title_sort | eco-conversion of castor oil to trimethylolpropane ester using non-and impregnated chicken egg shells (n-ices) |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/23707/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/23707/1/Eco-Conversion%20of%20castor%20oil%20to%20Trimethylolpropane%20ester%20using%20non-and%20impregnated%20chicken%20egg%20shells%20%28N-ICES%29.pdf |