Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel
Water-in-diesel emulsion (W/D) fuel is an alternative fuel which can be employed in existing diesel engine without any further modification. Apart from retaining the high fuel to power efficiency of diesel engine, W/D fuel is also capable of reducing the amount of hazardous air pollutants in the exh...
| _version_ | 1848821651498598400 |
|---|---|
| author | E, Soon Shen |
| author_facet | E, Soon Shen |
| author_sort | E, Soon Shen |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Water-in-diesel emulsion (W/D) fuel is an alternative fuel which can be employed in existing diesel engine without any further modification. Apart from retaining the high fuel to power efficiency of diesel engine, W/D fuel is also capable of reducing the amount of hazardous air pollutants in the exhaust emission and usage of diesel fuel. This paper aims to formulate and characterize W/D as environmental friendly fuel with low economic cost and high stability. 36 emulsion fuel samples with different water concentration ranging from 10 to 25%, surfactant concentration of 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%, and also varying types of surfactants, namely Span 80, Triton X-100 and polyol based UMP surfactant (NS-16-2). The samples are then undergone gravitational stability test for 1 week duration and rheological characterization using Brookfield rheometer. Triton X-100 was ineffective to produce stable W/D emulsion, whereas Span 80 could be used to produce 10:90 W/D emulsion with 1.5% of surfactant concentration. NS-16-2 was found to be the most optimum surfactant whereby 25:75 W/D emulsion could be formulated using surfactant concentration of 2.5% and managed to remain stable for 1 week duration. The W/D emulsion were tested to exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, with its viscosity decreased with shear rate, indicating that it behaved as shear-thinning fluid (pseudo-plastic behavior). The viscosity of emulsions were temperature dependent over the temperature range of 30-70°C as they tended to decrease significantly under temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T02:28:44Z |
| format | Undergraduates Project Papers |
| id | ump-22647 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T02:28:44Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-226472021-06-01T07:18:16Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/ Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel E, Soon Shen TP Chemical technology Water-in-diesel emulsion (W/D) fuel is an alternative fuel which can be employed in existing diesel engine without any further modification. Apart from retaining the high fuel to power efficiency of diesel engine, W/D fuel is also capable of reducing the amount of hazardous air pollutants in the exhaust emission and usage of diesel fuel. This paper aims to formulate and characterize W/D as environmental friendly fuel with low economic cost and high stability. 36 emulsion fuel samples with different water concentration ranging from 10 to 25%, surfactant concentration of 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%, and also varying types of surfactants, namely Span 80, Triton X-100 and polyol based UMP surfactant (NS-16-2). The samples are then undergone gravitational stability test for 1 week duration and rheological characterization using Brookfield rheometer. Triton X-100 was ineffective to produce stable W/D emulsion, whereas Span 80 could be used to produce 10:90 W/D emulsion with 1.5% of surfactant concentration. NS-16-2 was found to be the most optimum surfactant whereby 25:75 W/D emulsion could be formulated using surfactant concentration of 2.5% and managed to remain stable for 1 week duration. The W/D emulsion were tested to exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, with its viscosity decreased with shear rate, indicating that it behaved as shear-thinning fluid (pseudo-plastic behavior). The viscosity of emulsions were temperature dependent over the temperature range of 30-70°C as they tended to decrease significantly under temperature. 2016-12 Undergraduates Project Papers NonPeerReviewed pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/1/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20Table%20of%20contents.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/2/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20Abstract.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/3/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20Chapter%201.pdf pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/4/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20References.pdf E, Soon Shen (2016) Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang. |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology E, Soon Shen Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| title | Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| title_full | Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| title_fullStr | Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| title_short | Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| title_sort | formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/1/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20Table%20of%20contents.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/2/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20Abstract.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/3/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20Chapter%201.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/22647/4/Formulation%20and%20characterization%20of%20water-in-diesel%20emulsion%20as%20environmental%20friendly%20fuel%20-%20References.pdf |