Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor
This paper presents an optimization study of waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification in a continuous microwave assisted reactor (CMAR). The custom-built CMAR employed an integrated proportional-integral-derivative controller for accurate control of temperature and reactant flowrate. The fatty ac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Royal Society of Chemistry
2015
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| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/1/Successive%20Optimisation%20of%20Waste%20Cooking%20Oil%20Transesterification%20In%20A%20Continuous%20Microwave%20Assisted%20Reactor.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848818960145842176 |
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| author | M. A., Mohd Ali R. M., Yunus Cheng, C. K. Jolius, Gimbun |
| author_facet | M. A., Mohd Ali R. M., Yunus Cheng, C. K. Jolius, Gimbun |
| author_sort | M. A., Mohd Ali |
| building | UMP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This paper presents an optimization study of waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification in a continuous microwave assisted reactor (CMAR). The custom-built CMAR employed an integrated proportional-integral-derivative controller for accurate control of temperature and reactant flowrate. The fatty acid methyl ester contents in the sample were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from two-level factorial design showed that the methanol to oil molar ratio, amount of NaOCH3 catalyst and reaction time influenced markedly the biodiesel conversion, with the significance of 45.99%, 6.76% and 3.21%, respectively. Further analysis using a successive optimization method generated by the Box–Behnken design predicted an optimum biodiesel conversion of circa 97.13% at 0.68 wt% of catalyst loading, 11.62 : 1 of methanol to oil molar ratio and 4.47 min of reaction time. Experimental validation of the optimum conditions showed an excellent agreement, with a minimum deviation of 0.18% from three replicates. The biodiesel produced in this work also met the specification of ASTM D6751. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:45:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | ump-11252 |
| institution | Universiti Malaysia Pahang |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:45:57Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | ump-112522018-01-11T03:53:15Z http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/ Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor M. A., Mohd Ali R. M., Yunus Cheng, C. K. Jolius, Gimbun TP Chemical technology This paper presents an optimization study of waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification in a continuous microwave assisted reactor (CMAR). The custom-built CMAR employed an integrated proportional-integral-derivative controller for accurate control of temperature and reactant flowrate. The fatty acid methyl ester contents in the sample were determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from two-level factorial design showed that the methanol to oil molar ratio, amount of NaOCH3 catalyst and reaction time influenced markedly the biodiesel conversion, with the significance of 45.99%, 6.76% and 3.21%, respectively. Further analysis using a successive optimization method generated by the Box–Behnken design predicted an optimum biodiesel conversion of circa 97.13% at 0.68 wt% of catalyst loading, 11.62 : 1 of methanol to oil molar ratio and 4.47 min of reaction time. Experimental validation of the optimum conditions showed an excellent agreement, with a minimum deviation of 0.18% from three replicates. The biodiesel produced in this work also met the specification of ASTM D6751. Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/1/Successive%20Optimisation%20of%20Waste%20Cooking%20Oil%20Transesterification%20In%20A%20Continuous%20Microwave%20Assisted%20Reactor.pdf M. A., Mohd Ali and R. M., Yunus and Cheng, C. K. and Jolius, Gimbun (2015) Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor. RSC Advances, 5 (94). pp. 76743-76751. ISSN 2046-2069. (Published) http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1039/C5RA15834F DOI: 10.1039/C5RA15834F |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology M. A., Mohd Ali R. M., Yunus Cheng, C. K. Jolius, Gimbun Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor |
| title | Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor
|
| title_full | Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor
|
| title_fullStr | Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor
|
| title_full_unstemmed | Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor
|
| title_short | Successive Optimisation of Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification in a Continuous Microwave Assisted Reactor
|
| title_sort | successive optimisation of waste cooking oil transesterification in a continuous microwave assisted reactor |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11252/1/Successive%20Optimisation%20of%20Waste%20Cooking%20Oil%20Transesterification%20In%20A%20Continuous%20Microwave%20Assisted%20Reactor.pdf |