| Summary: | Several studies have identified and determined factors contributing to the preferred leadership styles
of leaders in various types of organizations. Yet there are many other studies looking into the impact
of those styles on subordinates and organizational performance. The theory of transformational and
transactional leadership is by far one of the most comprehensive theories.
The transactional-transformational leadership continuum developed by Avolio and Bass has been well
studied and researched the world over, with enlightening findings. The Multifactor Leadership
Questionnaire 45 item (MLQ Form 5X) has been employed to gauge the leadership styles of leaders
of students' societies in Universiti Teknologi MARA. A total of 54 leaders and at least 3 of their
committee members from societies representing academic programs and societies at the residential
colleges participated, making a total of 267 respondents. Committee members were chosen as raters
as they would be most familiar with the leadership behaviors of the presidents or vice presidents.
This study focused on examining the relationships between the various demographic factors namely;
parents' academic qualification and type of occupation, household income, the vicinity of homes from
the towns or city centers and academic achievements, not only at the university but also at the SPM
level, specifically the subjects of Mathematics, English and History and finally the choice of academic
discipline represented by the academic clusters and the perceived preferred leadership styles of the
leaders.
Results revealed that though the leaders were more transformational (M=2.63) than transactional
(M=2.32) but the leaders also displayed a fair share of the laissez-faire style (M=2.03). The study
also revealed that there appear to be a statistically significant relationship between factors of the
perceived leadership styles and students' achievements in History and English at the SPM level.
These findings can form the basis for future research on these relationships and strategic actions to
promote the development of competitive leaders.
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