The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe
In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch OPEFB fiber biomass was pre-treated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and bleaching. The cellulose nanofiber was isolated by alkali treatment with different isolation time (2,4 and 6 hours) and sonicate at 55 ºC for 3 hours. The carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber...
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| Format: | Student Project |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of Applied Sciences
2017
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| Online Access: | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25496/ |
| _version_ | 1848806273317863424 |
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| author | Mohd Raffe, Abdul Hafidz |
| author_facet | Mohd Raffe, Abdul Hafidz |
| author_sort | Mohd Raffe, Abdul Hafidz |
| building | UiTM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch OPEFB fiber biomass was pre-treated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and bleaching. The cellulose nanofiber was isolated by alkali treatment with different isolation time (2,4 and 6 hours) and sonicate at 55 ºC for 3 hours. The carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) was synthesized using two steps that is alkalization using 20% of NaOH and etherification using monochloroacetic acid (MCA). The CNF and CM-CNF obtained were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Thermalgravimetric Analyzer (TGA). result obtained shows that the CNF isolated for 2 hours has a highest percentage yield which is 20.40 % while there is no major different in percentage yield for the CM-CNF synthesized. From the FTIR spectra obtained, the peaks at 1700 cm-1 and 1200 cm-1 of hemicellulose and lignin were efficiently removed after bleaching process while for CM-CNF, the peak around 1600 cm-1 was appeared represent carboxylate (COO-) group. The determination of nano size in CNF was determine using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Result show that the percentage transmittance for the isolated CNF is more than 95 % at wavelength of 600 nm. From the TG curve obtained, it shows that all samples has a three phases of degradation. The onset degradation temperature for bleached OPEFB is lower than the raw OPEFB due to the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. The CNF isolated for 4 hours has a good thermal stability with the degradation temperature of 311.81 ºC and the production of CM-CNF has high thermal stability compared to the CNF isolated. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T22:24:18Z |
| format | Student Project |
| id | uitm-25496 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi MARA |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T22:24:18Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Faculty of Applied Sciences |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | uitm-254962019-09-11T04:01:46Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25496/ The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe Mohd Raffe, Abdul Hafidz QD Chemistry In this study, oil palm empty fruit bunch OPEFB fiber biomass was pre-treated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and bleaching. The cellulose nanofiber was isolated by alkali treatment with different isolation time (2,4 and 6 hours) and sonicate at 55 ºC for 3 hours. The carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) was synthesized using two steps that is alkalization using 20% of NaOH and etherification using monochloroacetic acid (MCA). The CNF and CM-CNF obtained were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Thermalgravimetric Analyzer (TGA). result obtained shows that the CNF isolated for 2 hours has a highest percentage yield which is 20.40 % while there is no major different in percentage yield for the CM-CNF synthesized. From the FTIR spectra obtained, the peaks at 1700 cm-1 and 1200 cm-1 of hemicellulose and lignin were efficiently removed after bleaching process while for CM-CNF, the peak around 1600 cm-1 was appeared represent carboxylate (COO-) group. The determination of nano size in CNF was determine using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Result show that the percentage transmittance for the isolated CNF is more than 95 % at wavelength of 600 nm. From the TG curve obtained, it shows that all samples has a three phases of degradation. The onset degradation temperature for bleached OPEFB is lower than the raw OPEFB due to the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. The CNF isolated for 4 hours has a good thermal stability with the degradation temperature of 311.81 ºC and the production of CM-CNF has high thermal stability compared to the CNF isolated. Faculty of Applied Sciences 2017 Student Project NonPeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25496/1/PPb_ABDUL%20HAFIDZ%20MOHD%20RAFFE%20AS%20N%2017_5.pdf Mohd Raffe, Abdul Hafidz (2017) The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe. (2017) [Student Project] <http://terminalib.uitm.edu.my/25496.pdf> (Unpublished) |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry Mohd Raffe, Abdul Hafidz The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe |
| title | The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe |
| title_full | The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe |
| title_fullStr | The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe |
| title_short | The effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (CM-CNF) / Abdul Hafidz Mohd Raffe |
| title_sort | effect of isolation time to the thermal degradation of cellulose nanofiber (cnf) and carboxymethyl cellulose nanofiber (cm-cnf) / abdul hafidz mohd raffe |
| topic | QD Chemistry |
| url | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/25496/ |