Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill
The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players. The Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory – Revised (CSAI-2R) was employed to examine the pre-competi...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation
2011
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| Online Access: | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22081/ |
| _version_ | 1848805401599934464 |
|---|---|
| author | Lim, Boon Hooi Gill, Balbir Singh |
| author_facet | Lim, Boon Hooi Gill, Balbir Singh |
| author_sort | Lim, Boon Hooi |
| building | UiTM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in the effects of
psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in
Malaysian volleyball players. The Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory – Revised
(CSAI-2R) was employed to examine the pre-competition multidimensional state
anxiety one day before competition at the competition venue. Subjects were youth
state volleyball players (N=96; boys = 48; girls = 48; Age: M= 16.35 yr., SD = .89
yr) competing in the under 18 National School Sport Council of Malaysia Volleyball
Tournament. The group with the highest group mean scores in cognitive state anxiety
was assigned to a cognitive intervention group (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls) where
subjects underwent breathing techniques and autogenic relaxation with music lasting
30 minutes per session; the group with the highest group mean scores in somatic
anxiety component (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls) completed the somatic intervention
with progressive muscular relaxation lasting 30 minutes; the self-confidence group
(n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls) which rated the lowest mean group scores in self- confidence component carried out the intervention with positive self-talk and goal
setting exercises lasting 30 minutes; and a control group (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls).
The MANOVA indicated that the interaction effect for gender and type of intervention
on CSAI-2R components was significant (Wilks’s Lambda = .69, F (7, 88) = 3.73, p <
.001). The results indicated significant main effect for gender (Wilks’s Lambda = .79,
F (7, 88) = 7.57, p < .001) and type of intervention (Wilks’s Lambda = .13, F (7, 88) = 30.85, p < .001). The male athletes in the present study displayed lower somatic
state anxiety, lower cognitive state anxiety and higher self-confidence intensities than
female athletes one day prior to competition, gender did influence anxiety responses
and findings of this study partially supported the hypothesis. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T22:10:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uitm-22081 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi MARA |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T22:10:27Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | uitm-220812018-11-13T02:38:47Z https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22081/ Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill mjssr Lim, Boon Hooi Gill, Balbir Singh Relation to psychology. Sports psychology The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players. The Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory – Revised (CSAI-2R) was employed to examine the pre-competition multidimensional state anxiety one day before competition at the competition venue. Subjects were youth state volleyball players (N=96; boys = 48; girls = 48; Age: M= 16.35 yr., SD = .89 yr) competing in the under 18 National School Sport Council of Malaysia Volleyball Tournament. The group with the highest group mean scores in cognitive state anxiety was assigned to a cognitive intervention group (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls) where subjects underwent breathing techniques and autogenic relaxation with music lasting 30 minutes per session; the group with the highest group mean scores in somatic anxiety component (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls) completed the somatic intervention with progressive muscular relaxation lasting 30 minutes; the self-confidence group (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls) which rated the lowest mean group scores in self- confidence component carried out the intervention with positive self-talk and goal setting exercises lasting 30 minutes; and a control group (n=24; 12 boys & 12 girls). The MANOVA indicated that the interaction effect for gender and type of intervention on CSAI-2R components was significant (Wilks’s Lambda = .69, F (7, 88) = 3.73, p < .001). The results indicated significant main effect for gender (Wilks’s Lambda = .79, F (7, 88) = 7.57, p < .001) and type of intervention (Wilks’s Lambda = .13, F (7, 88) = 30.85, p < .001). The male athletes in the present study displayed lower somatic state anxiety, lower cognitive state anxiety and higher self-confidence intensities than female athletes one day prior to competition, gender did influence anxiety responses and findings of this study partially supported the hypothesis. Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation 2011 Article PeerReviewed text en https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22081/1/AJ_LIM%20BOON%20HOOI%20MJSSR%20SR%2011.pdf Lim, Boon Hooi and Gill, Balbir Singh (2011) Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill. (2011) Malaysian Journal of Sport Science and Recreation <https://ir.uitm.edu.my/view/publication/Malaysian_Journal_of_Sport_Science_and_Recreation.html>, 7 (1). pp. 7-22. ISSN 1823-3198 https://mjssr.com/journal |
| spellingShingle | Relation to psychology. Sports psychology Lim, Boon Hooi Gill, Balbir Singh Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill |
| title | Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill |
| title_full | Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill |
| title_fullStr | Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill |
| title_short | Gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in Malaysian volleyball players / Dr. Lim Boon Hooi & Balbir Singh Gill |
| title_sort | gender differences in the effects of psychological interventions on multidimensional state anxiety prior to competition in malaysian volleyball players / dr. lim boon hooi & balbir singh gill |
| topic | Relation to psychology. Sports psychology |
| url | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22081/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/22081/ |