X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is applied to determine the concentration of essential and toxic heavy metals such as silicon (Si), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the sediments of Kovalam coastal area, Tamil Nadu, India. F...
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Elsevier
2023
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2272/ |
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| author | Karthikayini, S. Hamideen, Mefleh S. Chandrasekaran, A. Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Bradley, D.A. * |
| author_facet | Karthikayini, S. Hamideen, Mefleh S. Chandrasekaran, A. Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Bradley, D.A. * |
| author_sort | Karthikayini, S. |
| building | SU Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is applied to determine the concentration of essential and toxic heavy metals such as silicon (Si), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the sediments of Kovalam coastal area, Tamil Nadu, India. Fe (599280 ppm), an essential heavy metal/mineral shows the highest average concentration, followed by Si (181593 ppm), Ca (130913 ppm), K (99673 ppm), Ti (77620 ppm), Cu (64 ppm), Ni (43 ppm), Pb (20 ppm), and Zn (8 ppm). Heavy metal contamination was assessed using various pollution indicators such as the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and enrichment factor (EF). Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn had mean Igeo values of −1.29, 1.54, 1.07, 3.59, 3.19, 0.64, −1.14, −0.22, and −3.70, respectively. Except for Ti (19.36) and Fe (13.87), the average CF value for determined heavy metals was significantly low. The PLI value ranges from 1.47 to 2.46. Heavy metal EF values are greater than 1 in all sampling locations. Multivariate statistical analyses such as Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis are performed to identify the sources of heavy metals in the studied sediment samples. The findings indicate that anthropogenic sources such as boating and tourism activities have a probable contribution on the enrichment of K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, and Pb in sediments, necessitating more attention in monitoring of toxic heavy metals (such as Pb) contamination in the coastal environment. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T21:20:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | sunway-2272 |
| institution | Sunway University |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T21:20:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | sunway-22722023-06-17T08:38:06Z http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2272/ X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach Karthikayini, S. Hamideen, Mefleh S. Chandrasekaran, A. Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Bradley, D.A. * GC Oceanography QC Physics QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is applied to determine the concentration of essential and toxic heavy metals such as silicon (Si), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the sediments of Kovalam coastal area, Tamil Nadu, India. Fe (599280 ppm), an essential heavy metal/mineral shows the highest average concentration, followed by Si (181593 ppm), Ca (130913 ppm), K (99673 ppm), Ti (77620 ppm), Cu (64 ppm), Ni (43 ppm), Pb (20 ppm), and Zn (8 ppm). Heavy metal contamination was assessed using various pollution indicators such as the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and enrichment factor (EF). Si, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn had mean Igeo values of −1.29, 1.54, 1.07, 3.59, 3.19, 0.64, −1.14, −0.22, and −3.70, respectively. Except for Ti (19.36) and Fe (13.87), the average CF value for determined heavy metals was significantly low. The PLI value ranges from 1.47 to 2.46. Heavy metal EF values are greater than 1 in all sampling locations. Multivariate statistical analyses such as Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis are performed to identify the sources of heavy metals in the studied sediment samples. The findings indicate that anthropogenic sources such as boating and tourism activities have a probable contribution on the enrichment of K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, and Pb in sediments, necessitating more attention in monitoring of toxic heavy metals (such as Pb) contamination in the coastal environment. Elsevier 2023-08 Article PeerReviewed Karthikayini, S. and Hamideen, Mefleh S. and Chandrasekaran, A. and Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * and Bradley, D.A. * (2023) X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 209. ISSN 0969-806X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111005 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111005 |
| spellingShingle | GC Oceanography QC Physics QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology Karthikayini, S. Hamideen, Mefleh S. Chandrasekaran, A. Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Bradley, D.A. * X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach |
| title | X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach |
| title_full | X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach |
| title_fullStr | X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach |
| title_short | X-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of Tamil Nadu with a statistical approach |
| title_sort | x-ray fluorescence analysis of coastal sediments of tamil nadu with a statistical approach |
| topic | GC Oceanography QC Physics QD Chemistry TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2272/ http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2272/ http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/2272/ |