Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils

9B and H grade carbon-based pencil (carbon concentrations approaching 81 and 62 wt respectively %) have been investigated for radiotherapy dosimetry applications, offering low dependence on photon energy and near soft tissue effective atomic number. Comparison has been made with highly oriented pyro...

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Main Authors: Sani, S.F. A., Ismail, S.S., Almugren, K.S., Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin *, Bradley, D.A. *
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier 2020
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Online Access:http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/1616/
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author Sani, S.F. A.
Ismail, S.S.
Almugren, K.S.
Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin *
Bradley, D.A. *
author_facet Sani, S.F. A.
Ismail, S.S.
Almugren, K.S.
Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin *
Bradley, D.A. *
author_sort Sani, S.F. A.
building SU Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description 9B and H grade carbon-based pencil (carbon concentrations approaching 81 and 62 wt respectively %) have been investigated for radiotherapy dosimetry applications, offering low dependence on photon energy and near soft tissue effective atomic number. Comparison has been made with highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), a pure and ordered synthetic form of graphite. The samples were exposed to 60Co gamma ray doses from 0 to 20 Gy (encompassing the range of doses utilized in fractionated radiotherapy), structural interaction alterations resulting from the radiation doses being observed via Raman and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the most prominent features to be observed in Raman spectra are the so-called G and D peaks, appearing at 1578 cm−1 and 1348 cm−1 respectively. The intensity ratio ID/IG was used for further characterization of the dose-dependent defects produced in the graphitic materials. From PL measurement, sample average energy band gap values are observed to be within the region 1.114–1.116 eV, being considered direct bandgap-like semiconductors. The characteristic XRD crystal plane Miller index (002) peak was observed in order to calculate the atomic spacing, lattice constant and the degree of structural order of the irradiated samples.
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spelling sunway-16162021-11-18T01:35:11Z http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/1616/ Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils Sani, S.F. A. Ismail, S.S. Almugren, K.S. Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * Bradley, D.A. * R895-920 Medical Physics/Medical Radiology 9B and H grade carbon-based pencil (carbon concentrations approaching 81 and 62 wt respectively %) have been investigated for radiotherapy dosimetry applications, offering low dependence on photon energy and near soft tissue effective atomic number. Comparison has been made with highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), a pure and ordered synthetic form of graphite. The samples were exposed to 60Co gamma ray doses from 0 to 20 Gy (encompassing the range of doses utilized in fractionated radiotherapy), structural interaction alterations resulting from the radiation doses being observed via Raman and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the most prominent features to be observed in Raman spectra are the so-called G and D peaks, appearing at 1578 cm−1 and 1348 cm−1 respectively. The intensity ratio ID/IG was used for further characterization of the dose-dependent defects produced in the graphitic materials. From PL measurement, sample average energy band gap values are observed to be within the region 1.114–1.116 eV, being considered direct bandgap-like semiconductors. The characteristic XRD crystal plane Miller index (002) peak was observed in order to calculate the atomic spacing, lattice constant and the degree of structural order of the irradiated samples. Elsevier 2020-06 Article PeerReviewed Sani, S.F. A. and Ismail, S.S. and Almugren, K.S. and Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin * and Bradley, D.A. * (2020) Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 171. p. 108703. ISSN 0969-806X http://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108703 doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108703
spellingShingle R895-920 Medical Physics/Medical Radiology
Sani, S.F. A.
Ismail, S.S.
Almugren, K.S.
Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin *
Bradley, D.A. *
Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
title Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
title_full Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
title_fullStr Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
title_full_unstemmed Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
title_short Dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
title_sort dosimetric utility of structural changes in gamma irradiated graphite-rich pencils
topic R895-920 Medical Physics/Medical Radiology
url http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/1616/
http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/1616/
http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/1616/