GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
Cameron Highlands is a mountainous area subjected to torrential tropical showers. It extracts 5.8 million liters of water per day for drinking supply from its rivers at several intake points. The water quality of rivers in Cameron Highlands, however, has deteriorated significantly due to land cleari...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
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2009
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| Online Access: | http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/1637/ http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/1637/1/GIS-based_non-point_sources_pollution_simulation_in_Cameron_Highlands%2C_Malaysia.pdf |
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| author | Malakahmad, A. Eisakhani, M. Abdullah, M.P. Karim, O. Kutty, S.R.M. Isa, M.H. |
| author_facet | Malakahmad, A. Eisakhani, M. Abdullah, M.P. Karim, O. Kutty, S.R.M. Isa, M.H. |
| author_sort | Malakahmad, A. |
| building | UTP Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Cameron Highlands is a mountainous area subjected to torrential tropical showers. It extracts 5.8 million liters of water per day for drinking supply from its rivers at several intake points. The water quality of rivers in Cameron Highlands, however, has deteriorated significantly due to land clearing for agriculture, excessive usage of pesticides and fertilizers as well as construction activities in rapidly developing urban areas. On the other hand, these pollution sources known as non-point pollution sources are diverse and hard to identify and therefore they are difficult to estimate. Hence, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to provide an extensive approach to evaluate land use and other mapping characteristics to explain the spatial distribution of non-point sources of contamination in Cameron Highlands. The method to assess pollution sources has been developed by using Cameron Highlands Master Plan (2006-2010) for integrating GIS, databases, as well as pollution loads in the area of study. The results show highest annual runoff is created by forest, 3.56 × 108 m3/yr followed by urban development, 1.46 × 108 m3/yr. Furthermore, urban development causes highest BOD load (1.31 × 106 kgBOD/yr) while agricultural activities and forest contribute the highest annual loads for phosphorus (6.91 × 104 kgP/yr) and nitrogen (2.50 × 105 kgN/yr), respectively. Therefore, best management practices (BMPs) are suggested to be applied to reduce pollution level in the area. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-13T07:25:49Z |
| format | Conference or Workshop Item |
| id | oai:scholars.utp.edu.my:1637 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Petronas |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-13T07:25:49Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholars.utp.edu.my:16372017-01-19T08:25:06Z http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/1637/ GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia Malakahmad, A. Eisakhani, M. Abdullah, M.P. Karim, O. Kutty, S.R.M. Isa, M.H. TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Cameron Highlands is a mountainous area subjected to torrential tropical showers. It extracts 5.8 million liters of water per day for drinking supply from its rivers at several intake points. The water quality of rivers in Cameron Highlands, however, has deteriorated significantly due to land clearing for agriculture, excessive usage of pesticides and fertilizers as well as construction activities in rapidly developing urban areas. On the other hand, these pollution sources known as non-point pollution sources are diverse and hard to identify and therefore they are difficult to estimate. Hence, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to provide an extensive approach to evaluate land use and other mapping characteristics to explain the spatial distribution of non-point sources of contamination in Cameron Highlands. The method to assess pollution sources has been developed by using Cameron Highlands Master Plan (2006-2010) for integrating GIS, databases, as well as pollution loads in the area of study. The results show highest annual runoff is created by forest, 3.56 × 108 m3/yr followed by urban development, 1.46 × 108 m3/yr. Furthermore, urban development causes highest BOD load (1.31 × 106 kgBOD/yr) while agricultural activities and forest contribute the highest annual loads for phosphorus (6.91 × 104 kgP/yr) and nitrogen (2.50 × 105 kgN/yr), respectively. Therefore, best management practices (BMPs) are suggested to be applied to reduce pollution level in the area. 2009-12 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/1637/1/GIS-based_non-point_sources_pollution_simulation_in_Cameron_Highlands%2C_Malaysia.pdf Malakahmad, A. and Eisakhani, M. and Abdullah, M.P. and Karim, O. and Kutty, S.R.M. and Isa, M.H. (2009) GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. In: Regional Conference on Environmental & Earth Resources (RCER ’09) - Conservation & Sustainability, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia, December, 2009, Pahang, Malaysia. |
| spellingShingle | TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Malakahmad, A. Eisakhani, M. Abdullah, M.P. Karim, O. Kutty, S.R.M. Isa, M.H. GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia |
| title | GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia |
| title_full | GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia |
| title_short | GIS-based non-point sources pollution simulation in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia |
| title_sort | gis-based non-point sources pollution simulation in cameron highlands, malaysia |
| topic | TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| url | http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/1637/ http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/1637/1/GIS-based_non-point_sources_pollution_simulation_in_Cameron_Highlands%2C_Malaysia.pdf |