Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion
Ti6Al4V parts produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) frequently exhibit high residual stress, where heat treatment has been utilized to relieve this stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of annealing heat treatment on the overall performance of Ti6Al4V fabricated using LPBF. Printed...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2025
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/1/SML%2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848816503253630976 |
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| author | Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Minhalina Ahmad Buhairi, Fathin Iliana Jamhari, Norhamidi Muhamad, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, Abu Bakar Sulong, Nashrah Hani Jamadon, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, |
| author_facet | Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Minhalina Ahmad Buhairi, Fathin Iliana Jamhari, Norhamidi Muhamad, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, Abu Bakar Sulong, Nashrah Hani Jamadon, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, |
| author_sort | Farhana Mohd Foudzi, |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Ti6Al4V parts produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) frequently exhibit high residual stress, where heat treatment has been utilized to relieve this stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of annealing heat treatment on the overall performance of Ti6Al4V fabricated using LPBF. Printed Ti6Al4V samples were heat treated at 935 °C for 8 h with a heating rate of 5 °C/min and a cooling rate of 0.60 °C/min. The overall performance such as physical properties, mechanical properties and microstructure observation between as-built and heat-treated samples were compared. The heat treatment was able to produce high-density parts, with surfaces as smooth as 5.70 μm, reaching up to 99.28% density. The annealing process significantly improved the ductility of Ti6Al4V parts by up to 231%, while decreasing the tensile strength by 28% and the hardness by 13%. The microstructure of as-built samples shifts from acicular α’ martensite to α+β phases after annealing at 935 °C for 8 hours, supporting the changes in mechanical performance. This preliminary study concludes that the heat treatment used following LPBF printing can create Ti6Al4V samples with acceptable physical, mechanical, and microstructure properties. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:06:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:26000 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:06:54Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:260002025-10-14T02:17:18Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/ Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Minhalina Ahmad Buhairi, Fathin Iliana Jamhari, Norhamidi Muhamad, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, Abu Bakar Sulong, Nashrah Hani Jamadon, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Ti6Al4V parts produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) frequently exhibit high residual stress, where heat treatment has been utilized to relieve this stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of annealing heat treatment on the overall performance of Ti6Al4V fabricated using LPBF. Printed Ti6Al4V samples were heat treated at 935 °C for 8 h with a heating rate of 5 °C/min and a cooling rate of 0.60 °C/min. The overall performance such as physical properties, mechanical properties and microstructure observation between as-built and heat-treated samples were compared. The heat treatment was able to produce high-density parts, with surfaces as smooth as 5.70 μm, reaching up to 99.28% density. The annealing process significantly improved the ductility of Ti6Al4V parts by up to 231%, while decreasing the tensile strength by 28% and the hardness by 13%. The microstructure of as-built samples shifts from acicular α’ martensite to α+β phases after annealing at 935 °C for 8 hours, supporting the changes in mechanical performance. This preliminary study concludes that the heat treatment used following LPBF printing can create Ti6Al4V samples with acceptable physical, mechanical, and microstructure properties. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/1/SML%2014.pdf Farhana Mohd Foudzi, and Minhalina Ahmad Buhairi, and Fathin Iliana Jamhari, and Norhamidi Muhamad, and Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, and Abu Bakar Sulong, and Nashrah Hani Jamadon, and Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, (2025) Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion. Sains Malaysiana, 54 (8). pp. 2045-2057. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol54num8_2025/contentsVol54num8_2025.html |
| spellingShingle | Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Minhalina Ahmad Buhairi, Fathin Iliana Jamhari, Norhamidi Muhamad, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, Abu Bakar Sulong, Nashrah Hani Jamadon, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion |
| title | Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion |
| title_full | Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion |
| title_fullStr | Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion |
| title_short | Microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated Ti6Al4V in laser powder bed fusion |
| title_sort | microstructural evolution and performance of heat-treated ti6al4v in laser powder bed fusion |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26000/1/SML%2014.pdf |