EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. While conventional chemotherapy has provided modest benefits, its toxicity and limited efficacy have underscored the need for more precise treatme...

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Main Authors: Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek, Muhammad Kumayl Abdulwahab, Rashidi Dzul Keflee, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Suzita Mohd Noor, Zarif Mohamed Sofian, Azhar Ariffin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025
Online Access:http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/1/SML%2012.pdf
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author Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek,
Muhammad Kumayl Abdulwahab,
Rashidi Dzul Keflee,
Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh,
Suzita Mohd Noor,
Zarif Mohamed Sofian,
Azhar Ariffin,
author_facet Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek,
Muhammad Kumayl Abdulwahab,
Rashidi Dzul Keflee,
Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh,
Suzita Mohd Noor,
Zarif Mohamed Sofian,
Azhar Ariffin,
author_sort Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek,
building UKM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. While conventional chemotherapy has provided modest benefits, its toxicity and limited efficacy have underscored the need for more precise treatments. The identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has transformed the therapeutic landscape, with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) significantly improving progression-free and overall survival in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. However, resistance mechanisms, such as T790M and C797S mutations have led to the development of successive generations of EGFR-TKIs. Fourth-generation inhibitors and combination therapies targeting bypass pathways now offer renewed hope for overcoming resistance. Nonetheless, the high cost and limited accessibility of these targeted therapies remain critical barriers, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review highlights the evolution of EGFR-TKIs, key resistance challenges, and economic considerations, emphasizing the need for equitable access to advance NSCLC treatment globally.
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spelling oai:generic.eprints.org:259932025-10-14T01:50:55Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/ EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek, Muhammad Kumayl Abdulwahab, Rashidi Dzul Keflee, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Suzita Mohd Noor, Zarif Mohamed Sofian, Azhar Ariffin, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. While conventional chemotherapy has provided modest benefits, its toxicity and limited efficacy have underscored the need for more precise treatments. The identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has transformed the therapeutic landscape, with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) significantly improving progression-free and overall survival in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. However, resistance mechanisms, such as T790M and C797S mutations have led to the development of successive generations of EGFR-TKIs. Fourth-generation inhibitors and combination therapies targeting bypass pathways now offer renewed hope for overcoming resistance. Nonetheless, the high cost and limited accessibility of these targeted therapies remain critical barriers, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review highlights the evolution of EGFR-TKIs, key resistance challenges, and economic considerations, emphasizing the need for equitable access to advance NSCLC treatment globally. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/1/SML%2012.pdf Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek, and Muhammad Kumayl Abdulwahab, and Rashidi Dzul Keflee, and Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, and Suzita Mohd Noor, and Zarif Mohamed Sofian, and Azhar Ariffin, (2025) EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. Sains Malaysiana, 54 (8). pp. 2021-2032. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol54num8_2025/contentsVol54num8_2025.html
spellingShingle Fatin Nur Elyana Mohd Sidek,
Muhammad Kumayl Abdulwahab,
Rashidi Dzul Keflee,
Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh,
Suzita Mohd Noor,
Zarif Mohamed Sofian,
Azhar Ariffin,
EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
title EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
title_full EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
title_fullStr EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
title_full_unstemmed EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
title_short EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
title_sort egfr-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer
url http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/25993/1/SML%2012.pdf