Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds
In this study, we investigate the politeness strategies used by Iraqi Arabs and Iraqi Kurds when declining invitations from superior interlocutor positions to understand their refusal strategy’s similarities and differences. Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) were employed among 40 fourth-year...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2024
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/1/TE%2014.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848816098235908096 |
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| author | Nur Rasyidah Mohd Nordin, Muhammad Hussain Hamza, Zalmizy Hussin, |
| author_facet | Nur Rasyidah Mohd Nordin, Muhammad Hussain Hamza, Zalmizy Hussin, |
| author_sort | Nur Rasyidah Mohd Nordin, |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this study, we investigate the politeness strategies used by Iraqi Arabs and Iraqi Kurds when declining invitations from superior interlocutor positions to understand their refusal strategy’s similarities and differences. Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) were employed among 40 fourth-year undergraduate Iraqi students (Arabs and Kurds). Three contexts are included in the WDCT where contributors of higher social status declined invitations from interlocutors with lower social status concerning close, familiar, and distant societal distances. The study used descriptive analysis from WDCT, which drew upon Beebe et al.'s (1990) classification of semantic formulas, including Brown and Levinson’s (1987) categories of politeness strategies. The main findings demonstrated that Iraqis (Arabs and Kurds) utilised positive and negative politeness strategies. The findings might be utilised to raise awareness across the two groups concerning the differences and similarities in realisations of the speech act of invitation refusals, as well as enhance solidarity between them. Further research can be carried out to examine other factors such as gender, education level, formality, age, and region, which might also impact invitation refusals. An investigation into invitation refusal by Iraqi Turkmen in the Iraqi Arabic dialect might better be conducted; as the third primary group in Iraq, they speak Arabic as a second language and have different languages, cultures, and ethnicities. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:00:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:24421 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T01:00:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:244212024-10-21T07:56:54Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/ Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds Nur Rasyidah Mohd Nordin, Muhammad Hussain Hamza, Zalmizy Hussin, In this study, we investigate the politeness strategies used by Iraqi Arabs and Iraqi Kurds when declining invitations from superior interlocutor positions to understand their refusal strategy’s similarities and differences. Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) were employed among 40 fourth-year undergraduate Iraqi students (Arabs and Kurds). Three contexts are included in the WDCT where contributors of higher social status declined invitations from interlocutors with lower social status concerning close, familiar, and distant societal distances. The study used descriptive analysis from WDCT, which drew upon Beebe et al.'s (1990) classification of semantic formulas, including Brown and Levinson’s (1987) categories of politeness strategies. The main findings demonstrated that Iraqis (Arabs and Kurds) utilised positive and negative politeness strategies. The findings might be utilised to raise awareness across the two groups concerning the differences and similarities in realisations of the speech act of invitation refusals, as well as enhance solidarity between them. Further research can be carried out to examine other factors such as gender, education level, formality, age, and region, which might also impact invitation refusals. An investigation into invitation refusal by Iraqi Turkmen in the Iraqi Arabic dialect might better be conducted; as the third primary group in Iraq, they speak Arabic as a second language and have different languages, cultures, and ethnicities. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2024-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/1/TE%2014.pdf Nur Rasyidah Mohd Nordin, and Muhammad Hussain Hamza, and Zalmizy Hussin, (2024) Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds. 3L; Language,Linguistics and Literature,The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies., 30 (2). pp. 218-230. ISSN 0128-5157 https://ejournal.ukm.my/3l/issue/view/1720 |
| spellingShingle | Nur Rasyidah Mohd Nordin, Muhammad Hussain Hamza, Zalmizy Hussin, Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds |
| title | Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds |
| title_full | Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds |
| title_fullStr | Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds |
| title_short | Politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds |
| title_sort | politeness strategies in declining invitations: a cross-cultural analysis between iraqi arabs and kurds |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/24421/1/TE%2014.pdf |