Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology
This research article presents a study on the potential use of oil-based ferrofluid for the efficient removal of microplastics from water. The targeted analyte, micro-polystyrene (micro-PS), was chosen along with palm oil as the carrier liquid. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducte...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2023
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/1/SML%203.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848815706771030016 |
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| author | Natasha Nizam, Sumithra Mohanasunthar, Alyza A. Azmi, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, |
| author_facet | Natasha Nizam, Sumithra Mohanasunthar, Alyza A. Azmi, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, |
| author_sort | Natasha Nizam, |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This research article presents a study on the potential use of oil-based ferrofluid for the efficient removal of microplastics from water. The targeted analyte, micro-polystyrene (micro-PS), was chosen along with palm oil as the carrier liquid. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted to identify the main peaks in the ferrofluid, including carboxyl group (1542 cm-1), C-H bonding (1022 cm-1), CH2 bonding (2941 cm-1), CH3 bonding (3461 cm-1), C=C bonding (1255 cm-1), and Fe-O (597.34 cm-1). A comprehensive investigation of the synergistic effect of six variables was performed: volume of oil (4-15 mL), weight of magnetite nanoparticles (0.1-0.2 g), stirring rate (132-468 rpm), contact time (3-12 min), pH value of water samples (pH 6-8), and effect on ionic strength (0-16 g/L). Response surface methodology, including 26 -Plackett-Burman and 24 -central composite design, were employed to establish the relationship between the variables. The optimum operational settings proposed by the model were as follows: volume of oil (14.6 mL), weight of magnetite nanoparticles (0.1 g), stirring rate (216 rpm), contact time (3.29 min), pH value of water samples (pH 6-6.5), and effect on ionic strength (16 g/L), resulting in a remarkable removal efficiency of 91.09 ± 0.99%. The method exhibited desirable figures of merit, including a low bias (%RSD) of below 5% and the ability to reuse the ferrofluids for up to five cycles. Additionally, an analytical greenness metric was employed to assess the environmental impact of the sample preparation process, with a green score of 0.69/1.0 (indicating a light green colour). Future work in this field could focus on the scalability of the developed method and its applicability to real-wastewater treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:54:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:22885 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:54:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:228852024-01-18T02:18:08Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/ Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology Natasha Nizam, Sumithra Mohanasunthar, Alyza A. Azmi, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, This research article presents a study on the potential use of oil-based ferrofluid for the efficient removal of microplastics from water. The targeted analyte, micro-polystyrene (micro-PS), was chosen along with palm oil as the carrier liquid. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted to identify the main peaks in the ferrofluid, including carboxyl group (1542 cm-1), C-H bonding (1022 cm-1), CH2 bonding (2941 cm-1), CH3 bonding (3461 cm-1), C=C bonding (1255 cm-1), and Fe-O (597.34 cm-1). A comprehensive investigation of the synergistic effect of six variables was performed: volume of oil (4-15 mL), weight of magnetite nanoparticles (0.1-0.2 g), stirring rate (132-468 rpm), contact time (3-12 min), pH value of water samples (pH 6-8), and effect on ionic strength (0-16 g/L). Response surface methodology, including 26 -Plackett-Burman and 24 -central composite design, were employed to establish the relationship between the variables. The optimum operational settings proposed by the model were as follows: volume of oil (14.6 mL), weight of magnetite nanoparticles (0.1 g), stirring rate (216 rpm), contact time (3.29 min), pH value of water samples (pH 6-6.5), and effect on ionic strength (16 g/L), resulting in a remarkable removal efficiency of 91.09 ± 0.99%. The method exhibited desirable figures of merit, including a low bias (%RSD) of below 5% and the ability to reuse the ferrofluids for up to five cycles. Additionally, an analytical greenness metric was employed to assess the environmental impact of the sample preparation process, with a green score of 0.69/1.0 (indicating a light green colour). Future work in this field could focus on the scalability of the developed method and its applicability to real-wastewater treatment. penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2023 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/1/SML%203.pdf Natasha Nizam, and Sumithra Mohanasunthar, and Alyza A. Azmi, and Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, and Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim, and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, (2023) Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology. Sains Malaysiana, 52 (8). pp. 2191-2207. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol52num8_2023/contentsVol52num8_2023.html |
| spellingShingle | Natasha Nizam, Sumithra Mohanasunthar, Alyza A. Azmi, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar, Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| title | Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| title_full | Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| title_fullStr | Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| title_short | Removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| title_sort | removal efficiency for micro-polystyrene in water by the oil-based ferrofluid employ response surface methodology |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/22885/1/SML%203.pdf |