China-Vietnam-France relations on the verge of the collapse of the tributary system in the 19th century

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China-Vietnam-France relations on the verge of the collapse of the tributary system in the 19th century

This article attempts to explain why China-Vietnam relations, which were based on tributary ties, broke down when France conquered Vietnam in the 19th century. As such, it traces the history of China-Vietnam-France relations, particularly on the eve of the French invasion of Vietnam, and explo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Boon Dar, Ku, Luan, Vu Duong
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2022
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/20304/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/20304/1/57346-189459-1-SM.pdf

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