Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite
The volume shrinkage and reduction behavior of low-grade iron ore goethite during the solid-state carbothermic process was studied and compared to synthetic goethite. The carbothermic reduction process using low-grade coal as a reducing agent was carried out in the temperature range 1000-1200 °C up...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2022
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/1/20.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848814854148718592 |
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| author | Setiawan, Agung Ina Ermawati, Anggraini, Farras Abidin, Faizinal Abdul Hapid, Kawigraha, Adji Harjanto, Sri Rhamdhani, M. Akbar |
| author_facet | Setiawan, Agung Ina Ermawati, Anggraini, Farras Abidin, Faizinal Abdul Hapid, Kawigraha, Adji Harjanto, Sri Rhamdhani, M. Akbar |
| author_sort | Setiawan, Agung |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The volume shrinkage and reduction behavior of low-grade iron ore goethite during the solid-state carbothermic process was studied and compared to synthetic goethite. The carbothermic reduction process using low-grade coal as a reducing agent was carried out in the temperature range 1000-1200 °C up to 60 min of reaction time. The results demonstrated that the volume shrinkage, reduction degree, and metallization degree of reduced samples increase with increasing temperature and reaction time. Compared to the reduced samples using synthetic goethite, the volume shrinkage, reduction degree, and metallization degree of the reduced samples using iron ore are lower due to the presence of impurities in Sebuku iron ore concentrates, which include Mg, Mn, Al, and Si. The highest volume shrinkage observed at 1200 °C for 60 min reaction time for the reduced samples using iron ore and synthetic goethite was 63.57±0.57 and 76.51±1.53%, respectively. The observed phases at this point were metallic iron (Fem) and spinel (Fe,Mg)Al2O4. The volume shrinkage of the reduced samples was caused primarily by the weight loss due to carbon, oxygen, and combined water evaporation, as well as the sintering of gangue oxides and metallic iron particles, and partial melting of these phases. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:40:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:19484 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:40:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:194842022-08-26T02:14:38Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/ Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite Setiawan, Agung Ina Ermawati, Anggraini, Farras Abidin, Faizinal Abdul Hapid, Kawigraha, Adji Harjanto, Sri Rhamdhani, M. Akbar The volume shrinkage and reduction behavior of low-grade iron ore goethite during the solid-state carbothermic process was studied and compared to synthetic goethite. The carbothermic reduction process using low-grade coal as a reducing agent was carried out in the temperature range 1000-1200 °C up to 60 min of reaction time. The results demonstrated that the volume shrinkage, reduction degree, and metallization degree of reduced samples increase with increasing temperature and reaction time. Compared to the reduced samples using synthetic goethite, the volume shrinkage, reduction degree, and metallization degree of the reduced samples using iron ore are lower due to the presence of impurities in Sebuku iron ore concentrates, which include Mg, Mn, Al, and Si. The highest volume shrinkage observed at 1200 °C for 60 min reaction time for the reduced samples using iron ore and synthetic goethite was 63.57±0.57 and 76.51±1.53%, respectively. The observed phases at this point were metallic iron (Fem) and spinel (Fe,Mg)Al2O4. The volume shrinkage of the reduced samples was caused primarily by the weight loss due to carbon, oxygen, and combined water evaporation, as well as the sintering of gangue oxides and metallic iron particles, and partial melting of these phases. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2022-05 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/1/20.pdf Setiawan, Agung and Ina Ermawati, and Anggraini, Farras and Abidin, Faizinal and Abdul Hapid, and Kawigraha, Adji and Harjanto, Sri and Rhamdhani, M. Akbar (2022) Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite. Sains Malaysiana, 51 (5). pp. 1511-1524. ISSN 0126-6039 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/malay_journals/jilid51bil5_2022/KandunganJilid51Bil5_2022.html |
| spellingShingle | Setiawan, Agung Ina Ermawati, Anggraini, Farras Abidin, Faizinal Abdul Hapid, Kawigraha, Adji Harjanto, Sri Rhamdhani, M. Akbar Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| title | Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| title_full | Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| title_fullStr | Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| title_short | Volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| title_sort | volume shrinkage during carbothermic reduction of low-grade iron ore containing goethite and coal composite |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/19484/1/20.pdf |