Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment
In Pakistan, mostly flexible pavements are constructed which have a higher susceptibility to rutting, moisture damage and stripping. Under current economic conditions, one such solution to overcome this is the addition of economical and locally available additives in the bitumen being produced by ou...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2021
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| Online Access: | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/1/21.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848814709670674432 |
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| author | Ali, Yousaf Hussain, Muhammad Riaz, Kashif Yousaf, Adnan Tufail, Rana Faisal Navandar, Yogeshwar V Rayed, Ashraf Mahmud Shah, Syed Mustafa Ali |
| author_facet | Ali, Yousaf Hussain, Muhammad Riaz, Kashif Yousaf, Adnan Tufail, Rana Faisal Navandar, Yogeshwar V Rayed, Ashraf Mahmud Shah, Syed Mustafa Ali |
| author_sort | Ali, Yousaf |
| building | UKM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In Pakistan, mostly flexible pavements are constructed which have a higher susceptibility to rutting, moisture damage and stripping. Under current economic conditions, one such solution to overcome this is the addition of economical and locally available additives in the bitumen being produced by our refineries. This study investigates the effects of bakelite as an additive on various mechanical properties. Bakelite is a high-density plastic, cost-effective and locally available material. The modified Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) specimens were prepared with (2%,4%,6%,8%,10%,12%) Bakelite by weight of optimum binder content found using Marshall Mix design. Performance tests, including Marshall Stability and flow. Retained stability and Resilient Modulus tests were performed to check the performance of modified mixes. The test results revealed that a modified mix containing 6% Bakelite by weight of optimum bitumen content provides the best resistance against moisture damage, rutting and enhancing the HMA mix's stability than the other modifier percentages. The Marshall stability and quotient values of the modified mix increased by almost 22% and 44% respectively. The results showed an increase of 3.5% in the tensile strength ratio indicating an increase in the capability of HMA to resist moisture-induced damage and strength retention. The resilient modulus test was then performed under different conditions, i.e., bakelite (0% & 6%), temperature (25˚C &40˚C) and load duration (100 ms & 300 ms) and analyzed by full factorial design experiment. The factorial analysis showed that Bakelite content is the most significant factor affecting the MR and, ultimately, the strength of the HMA mix. The Resilient modulus test results showed a 20% increase for the modified mix containing 6% Bakelite as compared to the conventional mix. Therefore, it is concluded that the addition of bakelite as an additive in hot mix asphalt mixes gives better results regarding pavement performance. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:38:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:18952 |
| institution | Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T00:38:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:189522022-07-13T07:26:16Z http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/ Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment Ali, Yousaf Hussain, Muhammad Riaz, Kashif Yousaf, Adnan Tufail, Rana Faisal Navandar, Yogeshwar V Rayed, Ashraf Mahmud Shah, Syed Mustafa Ali In Pakistan, mostly flexible pavements are constructed which have a higher susceptibility to rutting, moisture damage and stripping. Under current economic conditions, one such solution to overcome this is the addition of economical and locally available additives in the bitumen being produced by our refineries. This study investigates the effects of bakelite as an additive on various mechanical properties. Bakelite is a high-density plastic, cost-effective and locally available material. The modified Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) specimens were prepared with (2%,4%,6%,8%,10%,12%) Bakelite by weight of optimum binder content found using Marshall Mix design. Performance tests, including Marshall Stability and flow. Retained stability and Resilient Modulus tests were performed to check the performance of modified mixes. The test results revealed that a modified mix containing 6% Bakelite by weight of optimum bitumen content provides the best resistance against moisture damage, rutting and enhancing the HMA mix's stability than the other modifier percentages. The Marshall stability and quotient values of the modified mix increased by almost 22% and 44% respectively. The results showed an increase of 3.5% in the tensile strength ratio indicating an increase in the capability of HMA to resist moisture-induced damage and strength retention. The resilient modulus test was then performed under different conditions, i.e., bakelite (0% & 6%), temperature (25˚C &40˚C) and load duration (100 ms & 300 ms) and analyzed by full factorial design experiment. The factorial analysis showed that Bakelite content is the most significant factor affecting the MR and, ultimately, the strength of the HMA mix. The Resilient modulus test results showed a 20% increase for the modified mix containing 6% Bakelite as compared to the conventional mix. Therefore, it is concluded that the addition of bakelite as an additive in hot mix asphalt mixes gives better results regarding pavement performance. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/1/21.pdf Ali, Yousaf and Hussain, Muhammad and Riaz, Kashif and Yousaf, Adnan and Tufail, Rana Faisal and Navandar, Yogeshwar V and Rayed, Ashraf Mahmud and Shah, Syed Mustafa Ali (2021) Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 33 (4). pp. 993-1005. ISSN 0128-0198 https://www.ukm.my/jkukm/volume-334-2021/ |
| spellingShingle | Ali, Yousaf Hussain, Muhammad Riaz, Kashif Yousaf, Adnan Tufail, Rana Faisal Navandar, Yogeshwar V Rayed, Ashraf Mahmud Shah, Syed Mustafa Ali Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| title | Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| title_full | Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| title_short | Investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| title_sort | investigation of effect of bakelite on mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixes - a full factorial design experiment |
| url | http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/ http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18952/1/21.pdf |